Muhammad Mussadegh

Mussadegh, Muhammad (1880–1967) Iranian political leader. An Iranian landowner and politician, in 1950 he led the democratic-nationalist opposition to the policies of Muhammad REZA SHAH PAHLAVI in Parliament. A militant nationalist, he forced (1951) the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, and after rioting in Abadan, was appointed Prime Minister (1951–53). He ruled with left-wing support until he was dismissed by the Shah in 1953.

Muhammad Mussadegh , 1880-1967, Iranian political leader, prime minister of Iran (1951-53). He held a variety of government posts (1914-25) but retired to private life in protest against the shah's assumption of dictatorial powers in 1925. He returned to government (1944) as a member of parliament and quickly established himself as an opponent of foreign interference in Iranian affairs. He successfully fought Soviet attempts to exploit the oil fields of N Iran and led the movement to nationalize the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. He became immensely popular, and after parliament passed his oil nationalization act (1951), the shah was forced to appoint him prime minister. Mussadegh's refusal to negotiate a settlement with the British alienated the shah and members of Iran's ruling class. A political crisis developed, and in Aug., 1953, Mussadegh's government was overthrown by the shah and his followers. After serving three years in prison, Mussadegh spent the rest of his life under house arrest.

Bibliography: See S. Kinzer, All the Shah's Men (2003).