|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries: |
Research categories | Follow us on Twitter |
Research categories
View all topics in the newsView all reference sources at Encyclopedia.com |
|||
monosaccharide
monosaccharide (simple sugar) A carbohydrate that cannot be split into smaller units by the action of dilute acids. Monosaccharides are classified according to the number of carbon atoms they possess: trioses have three carbon atoms; tetroses, four; pentoses, five; hexoses, six; etc. Each of these is further divided into aldoses and ketoses, depending on whether the molecule contains an aldehyde group (–CHO) or a ketone group (–CO–). For example glucose, having six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, is an aldohexose whereas fructose is a ketohexose. These aldehyde and ketone groups confer reducing properties on monosaccharides: they can be oxidized to yield sugar acids. They also react with phosphoric acid to produce phosphate esters (e.g. in ATP), which are important in cell metabolism. Monosaccharides can exist as either straight-chain or ring-shaped molecules (see illustration). They also exhibit optical activity, giving rise to both dextrorotatory and laevorotatory forms.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"monosaccharide." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "monosaccharide." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-monosaccharide.html "monosaccharide." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-monosaccharide.html |
|
monosaccharides
monosaccharides Group name of the simplest sugars, including those composed of three carbon atoms (trioses), four (tetroses), five (pentoses), six (hexoses), and seven (heptoses). The units from which disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides are formed.
|
|
|
Cite this article
DAVID A. BENDER. "monosaccharides." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAVID A. BENDER. "monosaccharides." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-monosaccharides.html DAVID A. BENDER. "monosaccharides." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-monosaccharides.html |
|
monosaccharide
mon·o·sac·cha·ride / ˌmänəˈsakəˌrīd/ • n. Chem. any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar. |
|
|
Cite this article
"monosaccharide." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "monosaccharide." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-monosaccharide.html "monosaccharide." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-monosaccharide.html |
|
monosaccharide
monosaccharide (mon-oh-sak-ă-ryd) n. a simple sugar having the general formula (CH2O)n. The most abundant monosaccharide is glucose.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"monosaccharide." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "monosaccharide." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-monosaccharide.html "monosaccharide." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-monosaccharide.html |
|
pentoses
|
|
|
Cite this article
DAVID A. BENDER. "pentoses." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAVID A. BENDER. "pentoses." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-pentoses.html DAVID A. BENDER. "pentoses." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-pentoses.html |
|
hexoses
|
|
|
Cite this article
DAVID A. BENDER. "hexoses." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAVID A. BENDER. "hexoses." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-hexoses.html DAVID A. BENDER. "hexoses." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-hexoses.html |
|
monosaccharide
monosaccharide see carbohydrate . |
|
|
Cite this article
"monosaccharide." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "monosaccharide." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-monosacc.html "monosaccharide." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-monosacc.html |
|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries:
HighBeam™ Research, Inc. © Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
The Encyclopedia.com advertising network includes:
