Milos (island)

Mílos or Milo , mountainous island (1991 pop. 4,390), 58 sq mi (150 sq km), SE Greece, in the Aegean Sea; one of the Cyclades . The main town is Mílos, formerly known as Plaka. The island's products include grain, cotton, fruits, and olive oil. Mílos flourished as a center of early Aegean civilization because of its deposits of obsidian and its strategic location between the Greek mainland and Crete. It lost importance when bronze replaced obsidian as a material for tools and weapons. Despite its neutrality in the Peloponnesian War, Mílos fell victim to Athens, which conquered the island in 416 BC and then massacred the men, enslaved the remaining persons, and founded an Athenian colony. Much excavation has been done on Mílos. The most famous find is the Venus of Milo (now in the Louvre, Paris), discovered in 1820.

Venus de Milo. A marble statue of Aphrodite (Venus), the best known of all ancient statues, found on the small Greek island of Melos (or Milos) in 1820 and now in the Louvre, Paris. A plinth (now lost) that was found with the statue was signed ‘…andros [Alexandros or Agasandros] of Antioch on the Maeander’, but nothing is known of the sculptor. Originally the statue was thought to date from the classical age of Greek sculpture, but it is now put appreciably later—c.100 bc— and is thought to be a sophisticated combination of older styles: the goddess's head derives from the later 5th century bc, her nudity from the 4th century, and her spiral, omnifacial posture from the Hellenistic age.

The Venus de Milo arrived in the Louvre (1821) soon after the Medici Venus had been returned to Italy (1815), and its enormous fame stemmed from French determination to persuade the world that they had gained a greater treasure than they had lost; Martin Robertson (A History of Greek Art, 1975) writes that its ‘extraordinary reputation, which started by propaganda, has become perpetuated by habit’. Many 19th-century critics went into raptures about the figure, which was thought to represent the apogee of female beauty, perfectly combining grandeur with gracefulness, but Renoir described it as a ‘big gendarme’. The statue's arms are missing and many conjectures have been made as to what the goddess might have been holding: it has been suggested for example that she is intended as Venus Victrix, and so would have been shown with the golden apple presented to her by Paris when he adjudged her more beautiful than her rivals Juno and Minerva.

Venus de Milo A marble statue of Aphrodite (Venus), the best known of all ancient statues, found on the small Greek island of Melos (or Milos) in 1820 and now in the Louvre, Paris. A plinth (now lost) found with the statue was signed ‘… andros [Alexandros or Agasandros] of Antioch on the Maeander’, but nothing is known of the sculptor. Originally the statue was thought to date from the Classical age of Greek sculpture, but it is now put appreciably later—c.100 bc—and is thought to be a sophisticated combination of older styles—the goddess's head derives from the later 5th century bc, her nudity from the 4th century, and her spiral, omnifacial posture from the Hellenistic age. The Venus de Milo arrived in the Louvre (1821) soon after the Medici Venus had been returned to Italy (1815), and its enormous fame stemmed from French determination to persuade the world that they had gained a greater treasure than they had lost; Martin Robertson (A History of Greek Art, 1975) writes that its ‘extraordinary reputation, which started by propaganda, has become perpetuated by habit’. Many 19th-century critics went into raptures about the figure, which was thought to represent the apogee of female beauty, perfectly combining grandeur with gracefulness, but Renoir described it as a ‘big gendarme’. The statue's arms are missing and many conjectures have been made as to what the goddess might have been holding: it has been suggested for example that she is intended as Venus Victrix, and so would have been shown with the golden apple presented to her by Paris when he adjudged her more beautiful than her rivals Juno and Minerva.