Astronomical Observatories

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Mauna Kea Observatories

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Mauna Kea Observatories mou´nə kā´ə , astronomical observatory complex located on Mauna Kea peak, the "white mountain" on the island of Hawaii, at an altitude of more than 13,600 ft (4,145 m). Because of its height and excellent seeing , this site supports by far the largest astronomical facility in the world. It is operated by the Institute for Astronomy of the Univ. of Hawaii. The largest telescopes are the 33-ft (10-m) W. M. Keck telescopes (Keck I and II), each consisting of an array of 36 segmented mirrors; a computer adjusts each small mirror many times per second so that a single image is formed of the object under study. Keck I began observations in 1993, Keck II in 1996. The Subaru telescope, featuring a 327-in. (8.3-m) one-piece mirror, was formerly called the Japanese National Large Telescope. The 320-in. (8.1-m) Gemini telescope is one of an identical pair, the other being constructed atop Chile's Cerro Pachon. Together they will provide complete unobstructed optical and infrared coverage of both the northern and southern skies. Other instruments include the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope (142 in./3.6 m), the United Kingdom Infrared telescope (150 in./3.8 m), and the Infrared Telescope Facility (120 in./3 m), as well as two telescopes—the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope—used for observations in the submillimeter portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also part of the complex is the Hawaii Antenna of the Very Long Baseline Array, which is used for observations in radio astronomy .

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Mauna Kea Observatories

A Dictionary of Astronomy | 1997 | Copyright

Mauna Kea Observatories A complex of observatories and telescopes at an altitude of approximately 4200 m on the summit of Mauna Kea island, Hawaii. The site, founded in 1964, is owned and managed by the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy. It is the world's highest observatory site and is generally regarded by astronomers as the best location for ground-based optical, infrared, and millimetre/submillimetre observations. More major telescopes are located on Mauna Kea than at any other site. The University of Hawaii has its own 0.6-m and 2.2-m reflectors on Mauna Kea, opened in 1968 and 1970 respectively. Optical and infrared telescopes from other organizations are the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility; the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope; the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope; the Gemini North telescope (see Gemini Observatory); the Japanese Subaru Telescope; and the W. M. Keck Observatory. Radio and millimetre-wave instruments on Mauna Kea include the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory; the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope; the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's Submillimeter Array; and a 25-m antenna of the Very Long Baseline Array. http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/mko/

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MKO

The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations | 1998 | | Copyright

MKO Mauna Kea Observatory (Hawaii)

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FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "MKO." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "MKO." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O25-MKO.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Getting a Clear View.(astronomers search the heavens at Hawaii's Mauna Kea... Magazine article from: Science News; 3/4/2000
	Stargazing atop mighty Mauna Kea. Magazine article from: Sunset; 12/1/1992
	Mauna Kea telescopes help find distant galaxy. News Wire article from: PAC - Pacific Islands Broadcasting Association; 2/16/2004