Spanish and Portuguese History: Biographies

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Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquis of

A Dictionary of World History | 2000 | Copyright

Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquis of (1699–1782) Portuguese statesman. He was made Minister of Foreign Affairs and War in Portugal on the accession of José I in 1750; the king's indolence gave him control of the country. He regarded the dominance of the church as the chief reason for the retardation of Portugal. He suppressed the Jesuit missions established in South America (part of the PORTUGUESE EMPIRE), and in September 1759 expelled the Jesuits from Portugal. He also brought the INQUISITION under the control of the state. In 1755 when an earthquake devastated Lisbon, Pombal organized relief work and the rebuilding of the city. Although his reduction of ecclesiastical influence was held to be part of the ENLIGHTENMENT, Pombal had little interest in reform.

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"Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquis of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-PomblSbstJsdCrvlhMllMrqsf.html

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Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de (1699–1782) Portuguese statesman. His adept handling of the relief effort after a massive earthquake in Lisbon in 1755, led to his promotion to chief minister (1756–77) by King Joseph (r.1750–77). Virtual dictator of Portugal, Carvalho increased royal power at the expense of the old nobility, the Inquisition and the Jesuits, whom he expelled in 1759. His anti-clericalism and other reforms, such as the abolition of slavery in Portugal, led to him being classed as an ‘enlightened despot’.

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"Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-PomblSbstJsdCrvlhMllMrqsd.html

"Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-PomblSbstJsdCrvlhMllMrqsd.html

Learn more about citation styles