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Livonia
Livonia , region and former Russian province, comprising present Estonia and parts of Latvia (Vidzeme and Latgale ). It borders on the Baltic Sea and its arms, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland, in the west and the north and extends E to Lake Peipus (Chudskoye) and the Narva. Livonia, also known as Livland, was named after the Livs, a Finno-Ugric tribe that inhabited the coast when, in the 13th cent., the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered the entire region. The knights formed a strong state and threatened Lithuania and Novgorod in the 13th and 14th cent. The chief cities—notably Riga , Tartu , and Tallinn —were Germanic in culture and were members of the Hanseatic League . After the dissolution (1561) of the Livonian Order, Livonia was contested by Poland, Russia, and Sweden. Courland , in the southwest, became a duchy under Polish suzerainty, and Latgale, in the southeast, became part of Poland. Vidzeme, in the center, passed first to Poland, then (1629) to Sweden, which also held the northern part (Estonia). The Swedish share was conquered (1710) in the Northern War by Peter I of Russia, who kept it at the Peace of Nystad (1721). Latgale passed to Russia in 1772. In 1783, Livonia was constituted a Russian province, and in 1918 it was divided between Estonia and Latvia. |
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"Livonia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Livonia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LivoniaEst.html "Livonia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LivoniaEst.html |
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Livonia
Livonia (Vidzeme), Estonia‐Latvia, USA 1. Estonia‐Latvia: the Latin name (German, Livland) for an area north of Lithuania, incorporating Latvia and the southern part of modern Estonia, named after the Livs, a Finno‐Ugric people. It may be associated with the Estonian liiv ‘sand’ or Finnish lieju ‘mud’ to give the meaning of ‘People living in a Muddy Place’. The name was also used to describe the territory ruled by the Teutonic Order from the beginning of the 13th century. Livonia was erased from the map in 1561 when it was partitioned between Lithuania and Poland. Sweden took possession in 1629 and Russia in 1721. Only in 1918 were the Estonians and Latvians able to found their own separate states which included parts of historic Livonia.2. USA (Michigan): named after the city in New York.3. USA (New York): named after the region on the Baltic coast.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Livonia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Livonia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Livonia.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Livonia." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Livonia.html |
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Livonia
Livonia , city (1990 pop. 100,850), Wayne co., SE Mich., a suburb of Detroit; founded 1835, inc. 1950. Among its manufactures are transportation equipment, plastic and steel products, textiles, and food products. The city is the seat of Madonna College. The Wolverine Harness Raceway is there. |
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Cite this article
"Livonia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Livonia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LivoniaUS.html "Livonia." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LivoniaUS.html |
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