Juan de Valdes

Juan de Valdés , c.1500-1540, Spanish reformer, b. Cuenca. Suspected by the Inquisition, he went soon after 1530 to Naples, where he became the center of a circle of men interested in religious reform. Valdés had already published an attack on many ecclesiastical abuses. He never openly abjured Catholicism, but he was a principal influence on many reformers, e.g., Bernardino Ochino and Pietro Martire Vermigli . He seems to have held the doctrine of justification by faith alone. Many consider him a Socinian or Unitarian.

Juan de Valdés Leal , 1622-90, Spanish baroque painter and etcher, active mainly in Seville and Córdoba. He is especially famous for grimly moralizing subjects, as in Allegory of Vanity (Wadsworth Athenaeum, Hartford, Conn.) and Hieroglyphs of Death (Seville). He also executed moving religious paintings, using an inventive palette, e.g., Way to Calvary (Hispanic Society, New York City), and fine portraits.

Bibliography: See study by E. d. G. Trapier (1960).

Valdés Leal, Juan de (bapt. Seville, 4 May 1622; bur. Seville, 15 Oct. 1690). Spanish painter and etcher, active mainly in Seville. He settled there permanently in 1656 after spending part of his early career in Córdoba, and following Murillo's death in 1682 he was the leading artist in the city. Like Murillo, he was primarily a religious painter, but he was very different in style and approach. He had a penchant for macabre or grotesque subject matter, and his style is characterized by feverish excitability, with a vivid sense of movement, brilliant colouring, and dramatic lighting. His most celebrated works are two powerful allegories of Death (1670–2) in the Hospital de la Caridad, Seville: In ictu oculi (In the Twinkling of an Eye), showing a skeleton snuffing out the flame of life and trampling on the attributes of earthly achievement; and Finis gloriae mundi (The End of Worldly Glory), depicting rotting corpses in a crypt. He also polychromed Roldán's sculpture on the high altar in the Caridad. Several other members of his family were artists.