John White Geary

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John White Geary

John White Geary , 1819-73, American politician and Union general in the Civil War, b. Mt. Pleasant, Pa. In San Francisco from 1849 to 1852, Geary was the first U.S. postmaster, the last alcalde, and the first mayor. President Franklin Pierce appointed him governor of "bleeding" Kansas in July, 1856. His energy and firmness brought peace to the territory for the first time in many months, but the meeting of the determined proslavery legislature (Jan., 1857) and the discovery that little antislavery support could be expected from the incoming President James Buchanan led Geary to resign (March). In the Civil War, Geary was made a brigadier general of volunteers in Apr., 1862. He was wounded at Cedar Mt. (1862), commanded a division of the Army of the Potomac at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg (1863), distinguished himself under Joseph Hooker in the Chattanooga campaign (1864), and fought in W. T. Sherman's campaigns (1864-65). He was made major general of volunteers in Jan., 1865. Geary was elected governor of Pennsylvania in 1866 and held that office until shortly before his death.

Bibliography: See biography by H. M. Tinkcom (1940); J. H. Gihon, Geary and Kansas (1971).

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Geary, John White

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | Â© The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Geary, John White (1819–73) army officer, born near Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania. Geary gained a glowing reputation in the Mexican War (1846–48), leading the assault on Chapultepec (1847). Geary also compiled a distinguished record as a Union officer in the Civil War, with notable service at Cedar Mountain (1862), Chancellorsville (1863), and Gettysburg (1863). He drove the defenders from Lookout Mountain (1863), and his division was the first to enter Savannah on Sherman's March to the Sea (1864–65). Between those wars Geary served successfully as the first mayor of San Francisco and as territorial governor of Kansas, where he restored order but lost legislative support because of his antislavery stance. After the war he was elected Republican governor of Pennsylvania (1866).

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