Historians, Miscellaneous: Biographies

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military Further reading

Neumann, John Louis von

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | Copyright

Neumann, John Louis von (1903–57) American mathematician, computer pioneer, and founder of game theory, born in Budapest, Hungary. As World War II approached, von Neumann, then at Princeton, began focusing his study on ballistics, explosives, and shock wave dynamics. He was one of the scientists on the Manhattan Project who perfected the implosion trigger for an atomic bomb. At the same time he began promoting the use of computers, which were then primitive, for military and scientific research. After the war von Neumann served on the Atomic Energy Commission and advocated the development of the hydrogen bomb and the first U.S. intercontinental missiles. Von Neumann was the recipient of the U.S. Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award (1947) and two presidential awards, the Medal of Merit (1947) and the Medal of Freedom (1956). He was a member of numerous academies and learned societies both in the United States and abroad.

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Lay, John Louis

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | Copyright

Lay, John Louis (1832–99) Union naval engineer, born in Buffalo, New York. Lay worked on various torpedo designs as well as serving active duty in various blockade expeditions during the Civil War. A torpedo of his design was used in the sinking of the Confederate ironclad Albemarle (1864). He resigned from the navy in 1865. Lay later completed work on several inventions, including a steam engine and locomotive for which he received patents in 1867. He sold the rights to his electrically propelled movable torpedo submarine (the U.S. Navy had purchased two) to the Russian and Turkish governments for a sizable sum.

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"Lay, John Louis." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-LayJohnLouis.html

"Lay, John Louis." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-LayJohnLouis.html

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