Jersey City city (1990 pop. 228,537), seat of Hudson co., NE N.J., a port on a peninsula formed by the Hudson and Hackensack rivers and Upper New York Bay, opposite lower Manhattan; settled before 1650, inc. as Jersey City 1836. The second largest city in the state and a commercial and industrial center surpassed only by Newark, it is a port of entry and a manufacturing center. With 11 mi (17.7 km) of waterfront and significant rail connections, Jersey City is an important transportation terminal point and distribution center. It has railroad shops, oil refineries, warehouses, and plants that manufacture a diverse assortment of products, such as chemicals, petroleum and electrical goods, textiles, and cosmetics.

The city has benefited from its position across from the island of Manhattan, and many Jersey City companies are extensions of those in New York. Further developments have included increased housing and shopping areas and a waterfront-renewal project, including the towering Goldman Sachs building (2004). Other parts of the city, however, remain run-down after years of commercial activity. Many ethnic groups throughout U.S. history have settled in Jersey City. The city has a modern medical center and is the seat of Jersey City State College and St. Peter's College. In Lincoln Park is a statue of Lincoln, built in 1929. Liberty State Park, on the waterfront, is the site of a science museum and provides an excellent view of New York harbor.

The area was acquired by Michiel Pauw c.1629. The Dutch soon set up the trading posts of Paulus Hook, Communipaw, and Horsimus. In 1674 the site fell permanently under British rule. The fort at Paulus Hook was captured by Light-Horse Harry Lee under Washington's plan, Aug. 19, 1779. Nearby Bergen was a stockaded Dutch village dating from before 1620 and had New Jersey's first municipal government, church (Dutch Reformed), and school (1662). Jersey City was consolidated with Bergen and Hudson City in 1869; the town of Greenville was added in 1873. The city's industrial growth began in the 1840s with the arrival of the railroad and the improvement of its water transport system. In 1916, Jersey City docks were the scene of the Black Tom explosion that caused widespread property damage.

Jersey City

The City in Brief

Founded: 1630, (incorporated, 1820)

Head Official: Mayor Jerramiah Healy (D) (since 2005)

City Population

1980: 223,532

1990: 228,537

2000: 240,055

2003 estimate: 239,097

Percent change, 1990–2000: 4.8%

U.S. rank in 1980: 61st

U.S. rank in 1990: 67th (State rank: 2nd)

U.S. rank in 2000: 73rd (State rank: 2nd)

Metropolitan Area Population

1990: 553,099

2000: 608,975

Percent change, 1990–2000: 9.2%

U.S. rank in 1980: 1st (CMSA)

U.S. rank in 1990: 1st (CMSA)

U.S. rank in 2000: 1st (CMSA)

Area: 14.9 square miles (2000)

Elevation: 20 feet above sea level

Average Annual Temperature: 52.6° F

Average Annual Precipitation: 47.4 inches of rain; 27.8 inches of snow

Major Economic Sectors: Trade, services, government, manufacturing

Unemployment rate: 5.4% (February 2005)

Per Capita Income: $19,410 (1999)

2002 FBI Crime Index Total: 12,182

Major Colleges and Universities: Jersey City State College, St. Peter's College, Hudson County Community College

Daily Newspaper: Jersey Journal

Jersey City, New Jersey/USA Paulus Hook Settled by Dutch trappers in 1618, it was renamed after its state in 1836.