Jean-Baptiste Greuze

Jean-Baptiste Greuze , 1725-1805, French genre and portrait painter. He studied at the Académie Royale and won recognition in 1755 with his Blind Man Deceived. He traveled in Italy and on his return painted a series of popular realistic pictures of a dramatic and moralizing character— The Village Bride, The Father's Curse, The Wicked Son Punished, The Broken Pitcher (all: Louvre). His artificial, often slightly prurient compositions are less interesting to modern taste than his portraits, which include one of his wife called The Milkmaid (Louvre) and those of the dauphin, Robespierre, and Napoleon (all: Versailles). A superb draftsman, he also created hundreds of fine drawings. In the Revolution Greuze lost both fortune and popularity, and died in poverty. Examples of his work are in such collections as the Louvre, London's Wallace Collection, the Edinburgh National Gallery, and New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Bibliography: See study by A. Brookner (1972).

Greuze, Jean-Baptiste (b Tournus, 21 Aug. 1725; d Paris, 21 Mar. 1805). French painter. He had a great success at the 1755 Salon with a group of paintings including Father Reading the Bible to his Children (Louvre, Paris) and he went on to win enormous popularity with similar sentimental and melodramatic genre scenes. His work was praised by Diderot as ‘morality in paint’ and as representing the highest ideal of painting in his day. He also wished to succeed as a history painter, but when he presented his Septimius Severus Reproaching Caracalla (1769, Louvre) to the Académie Royale as his reception piece he was accepted only as a genre painter, causing him acute embarrassment. Much of Greuze's later work consisted of titillating pictures of young girls, which contain thinly veiled sexual allusions under their surface appearance of mawkish innocence; The Broken Pitcher (Louvre), for example, alludes to loss of virginity. With the swing of taste towards Neoclassicism his work went out of fashion and after the Revolution in 1789 he sank into obscurity. At the very end of his career he received a commission to paint a portrait of Napoleon (1804–5, Versailles), but he died in poverty. His huge output is particularly well represented in the Louvre, the Wallace Collection in London, the Musée Fabre in Montpellier, and the museum dedicated to him in Tournus, his native town.