James Wilson Morrice

James Wilson Morrice (1865-1924), the first Canadian painter to win an international reputation, was a pioneer of "pure" painting as opposed to the painting of local scenery.

James Wilson Morrice was born in Montreal on Aug. 10, 1865, the son of David Morrice, a textile merchant. From 1882 to 1886 James attended the University of Toronto, and from there he went on to study law at Osgoode Hall. As a student, he began to paint landscapes in the Adirondacks and at Lake Champlain, and in 1888, while articled to a law firm, he exhibited a painting with the Royal Canadian Academy.

In 1889, with the encouragement of Sir William Van Horne, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway and a perceptive art collector, Morrice abandoned the practice of law for good and set sail for Europe. After a brief period of study at the Académie Julian in Paris, he pursued his own course with the advice of the veteran landscape painter Henri Joseph Harpignies. His associates at this time included the Americans Maurice Prendergast, Robert Henri, and William Glackens. Morrice first visited Venice about 1896, and Saint-Malo about 1900.

Every year or so Morrice returned to Canada and sketched in Quebec and Montreal, sometimes with the Canadian impressionists Maurice Cullen and William Brymner. In 1904 the French government bought Morrice's Quai des Grands Augustins, Paris and the Pennsylvania Museum of Art his The Beach, Paramé. The National Gallery began to purchase his paintings in 1909.

During this period Morrice became a familiar figure in the international group of artists and writers who met at the Chat Blanc, a small restaurant in Paris. Among the group were Somerset Maugham and Arnold Bennett; the former's character Cranshaw in Of Human Bondage and the latter's Farll in Buried Alive are based in part on Morrice. In 1908 he met Henri Matisse, and they traveled in Morocco in 1911-1912 and 1912-1913, although they did not paint together.

Characteristically, Morrice made small pencil drawings or oil sketches on wooden panels no larger than 5 by 6 inches while seated in a café from which he could observe the passing show, a glass of whiskey at his elbow. He painted all his large pictures in his studio on the Quai des Grands Augustins, in broad areas of harmonious color and with detail kept to the minimum.

Morrice remained in France for much of World War I and was commissioned to paint the Canadian troops in action in Picardy in 1918. From 1919 on, his health began to decline, and he spent more time in warmer climates, visiting the West Indies in 1920-1921. He died while on a visit to Tunis on Jan. 23, 1924.

Further Reading

Morrice's chief biographer was Donald W. Buchanan, who wrote James Wilson Morrice: A Biography (1936).

Additional Sources

Laing, G. Blair, Morrice: a great Canadian artist rediscovered, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1984. □

Morrice, James Wilson (1865–1924). Canadian landscape and figure painter, active mainly in Paris. He was born in Montreal, the son of a merchant who collected art and encouraged his son's interest in painting. After studying art in Toronto, he moved to Paris in 1890 and enrolled at the Académie Julian. Paris remained his home for the rest of his life, but he spent a great deal of time travelling, visiting North Africa, Venice, and the West Indies among other places, as well as making frequent trips to Canada, where he worked in Quebec, Montreal, and along the St Lawrence River (The Ferry, Quebec, NG, Ottawa, c. 1909). Morrice was friendly with many leading artists in Paris. His early inspiration came from Whistler and Conder; later his style became gently Fauvist under the influence of Matisse and Marquet. His work was important in introducing modern trends to Canada (although he did not exhibit in his own country after 1916); Dennis Reid (A Concise History of Canadian Painting, 1973) writes that ‘countless young Canadians sought out his work. Along with Horatio Walker, he was the Canadian who then had the strongest reputation abroad.’ See also CANADIAN ART CLUB.

Morrice, James Wilson (b Montreal, 10 Aug. 1865; d Tunis, 23 Jan. 1924). Canadian landscape and figure painter, active mainly in Paris, where he settled in 1890. He was friendly with many leading artists, notably Whistler, who was an influence on his early work; later his style became mildly Fauvist. He was widely travelled and made several return visits to Canada, playing an important role in introducing modern trends to his country.

James Wilson Morrice , 1865–1924, Canadian painter, b. Montreal. Abandoning law, he went to Paris, where he studied painting. He visited Venice, Trinidad, Tunis, and periodically returned to Canada. Admired for his subtle coloring and delicate rendering of landscapes, Morrice greatly influenced younger Canadian artists. The National Gallery, Ottawa, has several of his paintings, including Venice: Night and Dieppe: the Beach.

Morrice, James Wilson (1865–1924). Canadian landscape and figure painter, active mainly in Paris, where he settled in 1890. He was friendly with many leading artists, notably Whistler, who was an influence on his early work; later his style became mildly Fauvist. He was widely travelled and made several return visits to Canada, playing an important role in introducing modern trends to his country.