U.S. History: Biographies

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military Further reading

James Rudolph Garfield

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

James Rudolph Garfield 1865–1950, U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1907–9), b. Hiram, Ohio; son of President James A. Garfield . After being admitted to the Ohio bar in 1888, he became a lawyer in Cleveland. He was a member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission (1902–3) and commissioner of corporations in the Dept. of Commerce and Labor (1903–7) before being given a cabinet post under President Theodore Roosevelt . Garfield was a noted advocate of the conservation of natural resources. In the 1912 election he aided Roosevelt and the Progressive party in their unsuccessful bid for power.

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Barnes, Joseph K.

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | Copyright

Barnes, Joseph K. (1817–83) U.S. Army medical officer and surgeon general, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the Civil War, Barnes was favored by war secretary Edwin M. Stanton and was promoted to brigadier general (1864) and appointed surgeon general (1864–82). He sought to protect the Army Medical Department from congressional cutbacks. Barnes attended President Abraham Lincoln after he was shot (1865), and he made the official announcement of the president's death; he struggled to save President James A. Garfield (1881), also assassinated.

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	James Abram Garfield.(Saturday)(The Rainbow Page)(U.S. Presidents) Newspaper article from: The Washington Times (Washington, DC); 7/6/1996
	Rudolph G. Zak of Elburn.(Obituaries)(Obituary) Newspaper article from: Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL); 7/5/2006
	Transdeleted and transadded presidents. Magazine article from: Word Ways; 2/1/2004