North African History: Biographies

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Ismail

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Ismail 1646?-1727, sultan of Morocco (1672-1727). He organized corps of Sudanese to subdue the revolts that followed his accession. He attacked Christian strongholds in Morocco, regaining Larache and Arzila. Encouraging trade with Europe, Ismail signed a commercial treaty with France (1682) and corresponded with Louis XIV. At Meknes he built a lavish new capital.

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"Ismail." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Ismail." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-IsmailMor.html

"Ismail." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-IsmailMor.html

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Ismail

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Ismail (1486–1524) Shah of Persia (Iran) (1501–24), founder of the Safavid dynasty. A national and religious hero in Iran, he re-established Persian independence and established Shi'ite Islam as the state religion. He warred successfully against the Uzbeks in 1510, but was defeated by Ottoman Sultan Selim I at the Battle of Chaldiran (1514).

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"Ismail." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Ismail." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Ismail.html

"Ismail." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Ismail.html

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Ismāʿīl

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Ismāʿīl (eldest son of Abraham): see ISHMAEL.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Ismāʿīl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Ismāʿīl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Isml.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Ismāʿīl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Isml.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Former Viking Ismail no longer all talk.(SPORTS) Newspaper article from: Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); 1/27/2001
	Profile: Ismail Khan Transcript from: Morning Edition; 5/18/2004
	I want all my sons and daughters to be martyrs like Ismail and yes, Ahmed,... Newspaper article from: The Mirror (London, England); 8/22/2001