North African History: Biographies

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Ismail

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Ismail 1646?–1727, sultan of Morocco (1672–1727). He organized corps of Sudanese to subdue the revolts that followed his accession. He attacked Christian strongholds in Morocco, regaining Larache and Arzila. Encouraging trade with Europe, Ismail signed a commercial treaty with France (1682) and corresponded with Louis XIV. At Meknes he built a lavish new capital.

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"Ismail." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Ismail." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-IsmailMor.html

"Ismail." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-IsmailMor.html

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Ismail

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Ismail (1486–1524) Shah of Persia (Iran) (1501–24), founder of the Safavid dynasty. A national and religious hero in Iran, he re-established Persian independence and established Shi'ite Islam as the state religion. He warred successfully against the Uzbeks in 1510, but was defeated by Ottoman Sultan Selim I at the Battle of Chaldiran (1514).

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"Ismail." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Ismail." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Ismail.html

"Ismail." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Ismail.html

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Ismāʿīl

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Ismāʿīl (eldest son of Abraham): see ISHMAEL.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Ismāʿīl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Ismāʿīl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Isml.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Ismāʿīl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Isml.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Former Viking Ismail no longer all talk.(SPORTS) Newspaper article from: Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); 1/27/2001
	Profile: Ismail Khan Transcript from: NPR Morning Edition; 5/18/2004
	I want all my sons and daughters to be martyrs like Ismail and yes, Ahmed,... Newspaper article from: The Mirror (London, England); 8/22/2001