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Irish Citizen Army
Irish Citizen Army (ICA), set up by the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) to protect demonstrating workers and pickets from the often violent attentions of the Dublin Metropolitan Police during the 1913 Dublin lockout. This was a few weeks before the foundation meeting of the Irish Volunteers. Drilling began at the union's retreat at Croydon Park, conducted by Capt. Jack White. In 1914 James Connolly, now union acting general secretary, became ICA commandant. The ICA was the first ever socialist militia and the bulk of its c.350 members were union members. It was also dedicated to Irish self‐determination. The ITGWU HQ, Liberty Hall, became the centre of ICA activity and its arsenal. Michael Mallin was appointed chief of staff. The ICA made joint preparations, with the military council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, for the rising of 1916. Although much smaller than the Volunteers, it played a crucial role in Easter week. Connolly was commandant‐general of the insurgents' Dublin Division. Sean Connolly of the ICA was the first insurgent casualty. Mallin and James Connolly were executed after the rising. ICA lieutenant Countess Markievicz was sentenced to death, later commuted to life imprisonment. Other ICA insurgents, along with many ITGWU members, were interned in Britain.
Peter Collins |
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Cite this article
"Irish Citizen Army." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Irish Citizen Army." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-IrishCitizenArmy.html "Irish Citizen Army." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-IrishCitizenArmy.html |
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Irish Citizen Army
Irish Citizen Army. Ulster responded to the introduction of the third Home Rule Bill in 1912 with the ‘Ulster covenant’ and prepared for armed resistance. A section of the nationalists retorted with a Citizen Army in November 1913, which began drilling. Led by James Connolly, it was one of a number of nationalist paramilitary groups, not always on good terms with each other. But it took part in the occupation of the General Post Office during the Easter week rising of 1916 and made a raid on Dublin castle.
J. A. Cannon |
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Irish Citizen Army." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Irish Citizen Army." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-IrishCitizenArmy.html JOHN CANNON. "Irish Citizen Army." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-IrishCitizenArmy.html |
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