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Indochina War
Indochina War (1946–54) A war caused by French efforts to reassert control over its former colony of Indochina, following its exposure to Japanese forces during World War II. In the latter, the Communist-dominated Vietminh forces of Ho Chi Minh had developed into the main opposition to the Japanese, which led them to proclaim the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam. At the same time, Laos and Cambodia had declared their independence. They were recognized by France on 6 March 1946 as autonomous states within the French Union. Conflicts soon erupted between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and French colonial authorities. After a dispute regarding rights to levy import duty, the French administration demanded the withdrawal of all Vietminh forces from the port of Haiphong. When this was not met, the French bombarded the town's Vietnamese quarter, killing over 6,000 civilians. The French failed to rally all non-Communist forces behind the weak Bao Dai, while their tanks and superior equipment made little headway in jungle warfare. The confrontation soon proved to be beyond the French, who appealed to the USA for help. Impressed by the domino theory, the USA complied and bore 78 per cent of the military costs by 1954. By this time, the Vietminh, supported by a majority of the peasants, controlled virtually all the rural areas, while the French retained control of the cities. The French were by this time eager to withdraw, especially after losses at Dien Bien Phu. In the summer of 1954, they left behind a country divided along the 17th Parallel. Altogether, the French colonial forces had suffered almost 100,000 casualties in the war, though it is likely that losses among the Vietminh forces far exceeded this number.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Indochina War." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Indochina War." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-IndochinaWar.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Indochina War." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-IndochinaWar.html |
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Indo-Chinese War
Indo-Chinese War (20 Oct.-22 Nov. 1962) A war caused by China's refusal to accept the Indo-Chinese border drawn along the McMahon Line in 1914. It became a current issue with China's annexation of Tibet in 1950. A number of border clashes led to the ‘cartographic war’ (1960–2), when both sides argued their claims on the basis of different maps. Following India's decision to defend vigorously the territories it regarded as its own, the Chinese quickly advanced into Assam. The Chinese withdrew on 21 November, but retained the Ladakh salient. It was a devastating defeat for the Indian army, triggering the resignation of the Minister of Defence, Krishna Menon. It prompted a series of army reforms, and led to extensive investment in foreign (intitially US) armaments technology.
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Cite this article
JAN PALMOWSKI. "Indo-Chinese War." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Indo-Chinese War." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-IndoChineseWar.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Indo-Chinese War." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-IndoChineseWar.html |
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Indo-Chinese War
Indo-Chinese War (20 October–22 November 1962) A border skirmish between India and China in the Himalayan region, which China claimed had been wrongly given to India by the MCMAHON LINE decision in 1914. Chinese forces began an offensive across the McMahon Line into India. Indian forces retreated and Assam appeared to be at the mercy of China, when the latter announced a ceasefire and withdrew to the Tibetan side of the Line, while retaining parts of Ladakh in Kashmir. Some of the border areas are still disputed.
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Cite this article
"Indo-Chinese War." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Indo-Chinese War." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-IndoChineseWar.html "Indo-Chinese War." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-IndoChineseWar.html |
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Indochina War
Indochina War see Vietnam War . |
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Cite this article
"Indochina War." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Indochina War." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-IndochinWr.html "Indochina War." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-IndochinWr.html |
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