Middle Eastern History: Biographies

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Husayn ibn Ali

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Husayn ibn Ali , 1856–1931, Arab political and religious leader. In 1908 he succeeded as grand sherif of Mecca and thus became ruler of the Hejaz under the Ottoman Empire. In World War I, after receiving British assurances that all Arab lands not under French control would be liberated, he began (1916) a successful revolt against the Turks in Arabia and proclaimed himself king of the Hejaz and of all Arabia. Believing that the British had not kept their promises, he refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.

Great Britain lent him no support in his struggle with Ibn Saud , who defeated him in 1924, forcing him to abdicate and renounce his claim to the caliphate. That claim, advanced after the Turkish parliament abolished the Ottoman caliphate in 1924, was based on Husayn's membership in the Hashemite family, a branch of the Quraysh tribe, to which Muhammad the Prophet had belonged. Husayn lived (1924–30) in exile on Cyprus. He died in Amman, the capital of Transjordan (now Jordan). Abdullah I of Jordan and Faisal I of Iraq were his sons.

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"Husayn ibn Ali." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Hussein ibn Ali

A Dictionary of Contemporary World History | 2004 | | Copyright

Hussein ibn Ali (b. 1853?, d. 4 June 1931). King of the Hejaz 1916–25 A member of the Hashemite family, he was made Sherif of Mecca under Turkish rule in 1908. In June 1916 he began the Arab Revolt, proclaiming himself to be King of the Hejaz and, from November 1916, King of the Arabs. He was able to bring most of the Hejaz under his control, though this was less on the basis of his own strength, than on the British policy in Arabia, which restrained his much stronger rival, Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud, from challenging him during the course of World War I. Thereafter, however, his power was steadily eroded by the military advances of Abd al-Aziz. After losing Mecca he abdicated and went into exile. One of his sons, Abdullah, was King of Transjordan (1920–51), while another was made King of Syria (1920) and then of Iraq (1921–33) as Faisal I.

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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Hussein ibn Ali." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JAN PALMOWSKI. "Hussein ibn Ali." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-HusseinibnAli.html

JAN PALMOWSKI. "Hussein ibn Ali." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-HusseinibnAli.html

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Hussein, ibn Ali

A Dictionary of World History | 2000 | Copyright

Hussein, ibn Ali (1856–1931) Arab political leader. A member of the Hashemite family, he was sharif of Mecca and leader of the 1916 Arab revolt. In 1916 he assumed the title of King of the Arab Countries, but the Allies only recognized him as King of the Hejaz territory. As ruler of the Hejaz (1916–24) he came into conflict in 1919 with Ibn SAUD, the Emir of Najd. He abdicated in favour of his son Ali in October 1924. His son Abdullah became ruler of TransJordan, and another son, FAISAL I, founded the royal line of Iraq.

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"Hussein, ibn Ali." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Hussein, ibn Ali." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HusseinibnAli.html

"Hussein, ibn Ali." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HusseinibnAli.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	IBN Sina--Al-Biruni correspondence. Magazine article from: Islam & Science; 6/1/2003
	EDITORIAL: The sons of Ali and Fatima.(Editorial) Newspaper article from: The Nation (Karachi, Pakistan); 12/1/2011
	Arabian Peninsula: The Rise and Fall of the Hashimite Kingdom of Arabia Magazine article from: The Middle East Journal; 7/1/2002