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Heinrich Brüning
Heinrich Brüning , 1885-1970, German chancellor. Elected to the Reichstag in 1924, he was a leader of the Catholic Center party and a fiscal expert. In 1930 he was appointed chancellor of the Reich to put German finances in order. The Reichstag, which failed to support him, was dissolved (1930), and new elections were ordered. The new Reichstag was equally unable to produce a working majority, but Brüning continued to govern by decree. His drastic deflationary measures were very unpopular. In foreign policy he attempted to gain equality for Germany among the great powers and to persuade the former Allied powers to rescind German arms limitation. Brüning was forced to resign in 1932 by President Hindenburg, who appointed Franz von Papen as the new chancellor. Brüning left Germany in 1934 and from 1937 to 1952 was a member of the faculty at Harvard. In 1951 he resumed residence in Germany and became a professor of political science at the Univ. of Cologne. From 1955 until his death he was professor emeritus there. |
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"Heinrich Brüning." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Heinrich Brüning." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bruning.html "Heinrich Brüning." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bruning.html |
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Brüning, Heinrich
Brüning, Heinrich (b. 26 Nov. 1885, d. 30 Mar. 1970). German Chancellor 1930–2 A leader of the Christian trade union movement from 1920, he became an MP for the Centre Party in 1924 and soon established himself as a financial expert. As Chancellor he ruled largely with the help of exceptional legislation from the President, Hindenburg, against the parliamentary majority. This enabled him to pursue a revision of the Versailles Treaty with much greater ruthlessness, accepting a worsening economic crisis in order to convince the Allies of the impossibility of fulfilling Germany's reparations obligations. In this aim he was ultimately successful, but only at the cost of effectively suspending the democratic Constitution. With the country's major institutions, especially parliament, thus emasculated, it became easier for Hitler to be appointed as Chancellor in 1933. In 1934 Brüning fled to the Netherlands; he settled in the USA in 1935, where he became a professor at Harvard in 1939.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Brüning, Heinrich." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Brüning, Heinrich." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-BrningHeinrich.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Brüning, Heinrich." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-BrningHeinrich.html |
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Brüning, Heinrich
Brüning, Heinrich (1885–1970) German statesman. As leader of the Weimar Republic's Catholic Centre Party, he was Chancellor and Foreign Minister, 1930–32. He attempted to solve Germany's economic problems by unpopular deflationary measures, such as higher taxation, cuts in government expenditure, and by trying to reduce REPARATION payments. But after the elections of 1930 he lost support in the Reichstag and ruled by emergency decrees. He was forced to resign in 1932 by President Hindenburg, whose confidence he had lost. He escaped the 1934 purge and emigrated to the USA.
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"Brüning, Heinrich." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Brüning, Heinrich." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-BrningHeinrich.html "Brüning, Heinrich." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-BrningHeinrich.html |
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