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al-Hasan b. ʿAli

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

al-Hasan b. ʿAli (d. 669–70 (AH 49)). Second Shīʿa Imam̄, son of ʿAlī and Fāṭima, and claimant to the Caliphate until he renounced the office in favour of Muʿāwiyyah. Muʿawiyyah rewarded him with a generous settlement and a subsidy of a million dirhams. The Shīʿa contend that Hasan was a martyr by being poisoned to death by Muʿāwiyyah. However, this is unlikely since Muʿāwiyyah had already neutralized him and Muʿāwiyyah was not a man to commit an unnecessary crime when his design had already succeeded. It is more likely that he died of consumption.

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JOHN BOWKER. "al-Hasan b. ʿAli." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "al-Hasan b. ʿAli." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-alHasanbAli.html

JOHN BOWKER. "al-Hasan b. ʿAli." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-alHasanbAli.html

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Hasan

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Hasan , c.625-c.669; son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad the Prophet). When Ali was killed in 661, Hasan became caliph, but he was not strong enough to withstand the threat of arms of the Umayyads and under pressure abdicated in favor of Muawiya . He retired to Medina and died, reputedly of poison. His more active brother, Husein , took up the family cause. The Shiites believe that Hasan was murdered by the Umayyads and venerate him as a martyr.

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"Hasan." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Hasan." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Hasan.html

"Hasan." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Hasan.html

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Hasan

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Hasan (Jap.). The ‘interruption’ of Zen Buddhist training which comes about with the experience of enlightenment (kensho, satori). One who rests in the experience rapidly falls back.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Hasan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Hasan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Hasan.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Hasan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Hasan.html

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Ḥasan

A Dictionary of First Names | 2006 | | Copyright

Ḥasan ♂ (Arabic) ‘Good, beautiful’. Shiites regard Ḥasan and his brother Ḥusayn as the legitimate successors of Muḥammad.

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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Ḥasan." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Ḥasan." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-asan.html

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Ḥasan." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-asan.html

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Hasan

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Hasan (son of ʿAli): see AL-HASAN.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Hasan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Hasan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Hasan1.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Hasan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Hasan1.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	HASAN RETIRING AS FOUNDATION CHIEF Magazine article from: Modern Healthcare; 8/10/1998
	HASAN RETIRING AS FOUNDATION CHIEF. (Malik Hasan, Foundation Health Systems... Magazine article from: Modern Healthcare; 8/10/1998
	Hasan contacted Pakistan, Texas congressman says; Foot Hood shootings;... Newspaper article from: The Seattle Times (Seattle, WA); 11/14/2009