Harmony Society

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Harmony Society

Harmony Society religious society founded by German Separatists under the leadership of George Rapp. The Harmonists (or Rappites) held property in common and subscribed to the austere doctrines of their leader, including that of celibacy. In 1805 the society founded the village of Harmony, Pa., and developed it into a prosperous agricultural and industrial community. Led by Rapp, the Harmonists moved in 1814-15 to Indiana and founded another Harmony. They prospered there too, but in 1825 they sold their holdings to Robert Owen (see New Harmony ) and returned to Pennsylvania to create their third village at Economy (now Ambridge), NW of Pittsburgh. In 1832 a part of the colony, under "Count Leon," a German adventurer, withdrew to form a separate community. The society was weakened by the death of Rapp (1847), dwindled as the members grew older, and went out of existence after 1906.

Bibliography: See studies by A. Williams (1866, repr. 1971); J. S. Duss (1943), and K. J. R. Arndt (2 vol., 1972).

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"Harmony Society." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Harmony Society." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (December 2, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-HarmonyS.html

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Harmony Society

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Â© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Harmony Society. A communist sect, founded in Württemberg by J. G. Rapp (1757–1847). The community settled in the USA; it was dissolved in 1905.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Harmony Society." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Harmony Society." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (December 2, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-HarmonySociety.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Harmony Society." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved December 02, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-HarmonySociety.html

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Harmony Society

The Oxford Companion to American Literature | 1995 | | Â© The Oxford Companion to American Literature 1995, originally published by Oxford University Press 1995. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Harmony Society, an outgrowth of a German pietist sect founded at Württemberg by George Rapp. After persecution abroad, and the establishment of several temporary colonies, Rapp and 600 adherents settled in Pennsylvania (1804), naming their settlement Harmony. The society moved to Indiana (1815–25) but returned to settle at Economy, Pa., near Pittsburgh. In 1831 “ Count Maximilian De Leon,” an adventurer who undermined their religious beliefs, split the Harmonists in two, and escaped with the funds of his minority party. The majority, who continued successfully under the original leadership, are popularly known as the Rappists. Part of their religious system embraced communism, and another distinguishing feature was the doctrine of celibacy. The latter in 1807 led them to dissolve marriage ties and prohibit further marriages, and finally caused their extinction, although there were still four members in 1903. (See New Harmony.)

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James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Harmony Society." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Harmony Society." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. (December 2, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-HarmonySociety.html

James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Harmony Society." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Retrieved December 02, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-HarmonySociety.html

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	Harmony Myers Awarded Society of Women Engineers' 2006 Distinguished New Engineer Award. Business Wire; 10/11/2006
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