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Hadrian IV

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Hadrian IV (c.1100–59), Nicholas Breakspear, Pope from 1154; the only Englishman to hold the Papacy. He secured the execution of Arnold of Brescia and exacted full homage from Frederick I (Barbarossa) before consenting to crown him. His claim that the Emperor held his crown as a beneficium from the Pope precipitated a quarrel which became acute under Alexander III. The authenticity of his Bull granting the overlordship of Ireland to Henry II of England, though long disputed, is now generally accepted.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Hadrian IV." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Hadrian IV." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-HadrianIV.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Hadrian IV." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-HadrianIV.html

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Hadrian IV

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Copyright

Hadrian IV. See Adrian IV.

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JOHN CANNON. "Hadrian IV." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Hadrian IV." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-HadrianIV.html

JOHN CANNON. "Hadrian IV." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-HadrianIV.html

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Hadrian IV

A Dictionary of British History | 2004 | | Copyright

Hadrian IV See adrian IV.

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JOHN CANNON. "Hadrian IV." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Hadrian IV." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-HadrianIV.html

JOHN CANNON. "Hadrian IV." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-HadrianIV.html

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