Groningen

Groningen city (1994 pop. 170,535), capital of Groningen prov., NE Netherlands. It is an important trade and transportation center. Manufactures include clothing, food products, furniture, and machinery. Among its prominent industries are sugar refining, book printing, and tobacco processing. In the 11th cent., Groningen came under the temporal power of the bishops of Utrecht. It soon rose to prominence and in the 12th cent. supplied ships for the Crusades. In 1284 it joined the Hanseatic League and later gained control over the central section of Friesland , which now constitutes Groningen prov. The city remained loyal to the Hapsburgs at the beginning of the revolt of the Netherlands against Spain, but was captured by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau in 1594. A picturesque city, Groningen has several churches, notably the Martinikerk (15th cent.) and the Nieuwe Kerk (17th cent.), as well as the Groniger Museum of Art and many other museums. It is also the site of the Univ. of Groningen (1614).

Groningen City at the confluence of the Hoornse Diep and the Winschoter Diep, ne Netherlands; capital of Groningen province. A member of the Hanseatic League from 1284, it controlled most of Friesland. Groningen remained loyal to the Habsburgs, but was forced to surrender to the Dutch in 1594. It has 15th- and 17th-century churches and a university (1614). The surrounding fertile agricultural land makes it one of the country's biggest markets. Industries: shipbuilding, electrical equipment. Pop. (2001) 173,825.

Groningen, The Netherlands, Suriname The Netherlands: a province and a city, originally called Villa Cruoninga, with a name derived from the Old High German gron ‘green’. There is also a town named Gröningen in Germany.