Giorgio Giulio Clovio

Giorgio Giulio Clovio , 1498-1578, Italian illuminator, miniaturist, and painter, also called Macedo or Il Macedone because of his Macedonian origin. He studied at Rome with Giulio Romano and at Verona under Girolamo de' Libri, from whom he learned illuminating. Clovio was employed by Louis II of Hungary, Cardinal Farnese at Rome, and other princely patrons. Among the best known of the many works ascribed to him are the illuminations for the Book of the Hours of the Blessed Virgin, his masterpiece; the manuscript biography of Frederick, duke of Urbino (Vatican Library); Cardinal Grimani's Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (Soane Mus., London); The Victories of Emperor Charles V (British Mus.); and the Farnese Breviary (Pierpont Morgan Library, New York).

Clovio, Giulio (b Grisone [Grizane], c.1498; d Rome, 3 Jan. 1578). Italian illuminator and painter, born in Croatia, which at this time was part of Venetian territory. He moved to Italy in 1516 and spent most of his career in Rome, although he also worked in several other cities. Clovio was the outstanding Italian illuminator of the 16th century and enjoyed a very high contemporary reputation—his friend Vasari described him as a ‘Michelangelo of small works’. His illuminations do indeed make frequent use of motifs from the work of Michelangelo and Raphael, adapting the fashionable Mannerist style to a miniature scale. From 1540 he worked mainly for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, to whom he recommended the young El Greco. El Greco painted Clovio's portrait (c.1570, Mus. di Capodimonte, Naples), showing him holding the Farnese Hours (c.1546, Pierpont Morgan Lib., New York), the manuscript that is generally regarded as his masterpiece. In addition to illuminations, he sometimes painted small independent pictures (Pietà, 1551, Uffizi, Florence).

Clovio, Giulio (1498–1578). Italian illuminator and painter, born in Croatia, which at this time was part of Venetian territory. He moved to Italy in 1516 and spent most of his career in Rome, although he also worked in several other cities. Clovio was the outstanding Italian illuminator of the 16th century and enjoyed a very high contemporary reputation—his friend Vasari described him as a ‘Michelangelo of small works’. His illuminations do indeed make frequent use of motifs from the work of Michelangelo and Raphael, adapting the fashionable Mannerist style to a miniature scale. From 1540 he worked mainly for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, to whom he recommended the young El Greco. El Greco painted Clovio's portrait (c.1570, Mus. di Capodimonte, Naples), showing him holding the Farnese Hours (c.1546, Pierpont Morgan Lib., New York), the manuscript that is generally regarded as his masterpiece. In addition to illuminations, he sometimes painted small independent pictures (Pietà, 1551, Uffizi, Florence).