Italian History: Biographies

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Further reading

Giacomo Antonelli

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Giacomo Antonelli , 1806–76, Italian cardinal and statesman of the Roman Catholic Church, adviser to Pope Pius IX . He received the red hat of the cardinalate in 1847, presided over the council drafting the constitution for the Papal States, and became the premier of the pope's first constitutional cabinet. After returning (1850) from exile in Gaeta, Pius IX made him secretary of state. His vigorous diplomacy was directed against Italian national unification.

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Antonelli, Giacomo

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Antonelli, Giacomo (1806–76), Cardinal Secretary of State. In 1848 he arranged the flight of Pius IX to Gaeta and after his return to Rome in 1850 became virtually the temporal ruler of the city until 1870. He opposed the convening of the First Vatican Council, and then advised the Pope to drop the Infallibility question.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Antonelli, Giacomo." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Antonelli, Giacomo." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AntonelliGiacomo.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Antonelli, Giacomo." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AntonelliGiacomo.html

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