Francois Guizot

François Guizot , 1787-1874, French statesman and historian. The son of a Protestant family of Nîmes, he was educated at Geneva. He began a legal career in Paris in 1805, but soon took up literary work and later became a professor of modern history at the Univ. of Paris. His lectures there formed a center of political opposition to the Restoration. His friendship with Royer-Collard and his sympathy with the moderate royalists soon drew him into minor political office. As an opposition deputy he was involved in the July Revolution of 1830 and became one of the leading intellectual exponents of the bourgeois July Monarchy of Louis Philippe . As minister of public instruction (1832-37), Guizot introduced (1833) a new system of primary education. Turning more and more to conservatism, he became (1840) the chief power in the ministry nominally headed by Soult, who had displaced the more liberal Thiers as premier. In 1847, Guizot became premier. His leadership provided a stable government, but his complacent acceptance of the established order led to his overthrow in the February Revolution of 1848, which forced the abdication of Louis Philippe. Guizot devoted the rest of his life to writing. The best known of his many works, Histoire de la révolution d'Angleterre [history of the revolution in England] (6 vol., 1826-56), illustrates his critical approach and his devotion to original sources as well as his admiration for middle-of-the-road British revolutionism. He also wrote Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de mon temps [memoirs to serve as a history of my time] (8 vol., 1858-67) and the brilliant General History of Civilization in Modern Europe (6 vol., 1829-32; tr. by William Hazlitt, 3 vol., 1846). The last work, never completed, covers principally the civilization of France up to the 14th cent. See his memoirs (8 vol., tr. 1974).

Bibliography: See study by D. W. Johnson (1963).

Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume (1787–1874) French historian and statesman. Entering official service in 1815, he lost office in 1822 and led the liberal opposition to CHARLES X's government. Involved in the JULY REVOLUTION of 1830, he returned to official service and, in 1833, introduced a national system of primary education. For the next 18 years he served LOUIS PHILIPPE. A moderate monarchist, he succeeded THIERS as leader of the government in 1840. His passive but immovable resistance to change finally led to his downfall in the REVOLUTION OF 1848.