Research topic: Francis Joseph

Francis Joseph or Franz Joseph, 1830-1916, emperor of Austria (1848-1916), king of Hungary (1867-1916), nephew of Ferdinand , who abdicated in his favor. His long reign began in the stormy days of the revolutions of 1848 and ended in the midst of World War I. In that troubled period of growing nationalism, he held the many peoples of his empire together. He subdued Hungary (1849) and in the same year defeated Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia. In the Italian War of 1859, in which he faced Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel, he lost Lombardy to Sardinia by the Treaty of Villaf... Read more