FOLGER SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY

FOLGER SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY. The Folger Shakespeare Library, opened in 1932, houses the world's largest collection of Shakespearean manuscripts. Henry Clay Folger and his wife Emily Jordan Folger, both avid manuscript collectors, established the library as a repository for their collection that would be open to the American public. The Folgers chose Washington, D.C., as the place to house their collection. It took them nine years to purchase the property adjacent to the Library of Congress, one block from the U.S. capitol, and gain permission to build on it.

Henry Clay Folger, a lifelong Shakespeare collector and oil magnate (he worked for Standard Oil under John D. Rockefeller), left sufficient endowment to insure that the Folger Library and his collection would grow. Folger died two weeks after the cornerstone of the building was laid in June 1930. Emily Clay Folger presided at the opening in 1932. The library is now administered by Henry Folger's alma mater, Amherst College, as an institute of Amherst.

The collection of Shakespearean manuscripts at the library contains 229 Quarto editions of the plays and poems; 79 First Folios, 118 Second, Third, and Fourth Folios, and about 7,000 other editions of Shakespeare's works. In addition to its original Shakespeare collection, holdings now include the largest collection of pre-eighteenth century English books. The Library's Special Collections focus on the Renaissance period and include playbills, artworks, and other materials illustrative of the theater. It also holds strong collections of Early Protestant religious tracts and books of the Humanist period.

The Folger provides fellowships for a number of scholars each year to enable them to come to Washington and work daily in the Library's research rooms. In addition, the Folger sponsors several seminars each year taught by visiting faculty that are open to independent scholars and researchers. Free tours of the library are given to the public daily. As part of an extensive Education and Outreach Program, the Library sponsors free lectures and learning opportunities throughout the school year that are aimed at students from kindergarten to twelfth grade. The Folger also sponsors numerous exhibitions in its museum and gallery spaces. In 1970, the Folger made changes in its Shakespearean Theatre to allow it to sponsor a theater group and stage public performances. Additionally, the Folger supports readings by the PEN/ Faulkner winners and by noted poets, as well as concerts by the Folger Consort chamber music ensemble.

The Folger building houses the 250-seat Elizabethan theatre, the museum galleries, the magnificent reading rooms, and the library space. It has been featured in architectural magazines.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Folger Shakespeare Library. Home page at http://www.folger.edu.

Schoenbaum, S. "The World's Finest Shakespeare Library Is This Side of the Atlantic." Smithsonian 13, no.1 (1982): 118–127.

Susan L.Malbin

See alsoLibraries ; Philanthropy .

Folger Shakespeare Memorial Library (Washington, D.C.). The library was founded in 1930 and opened in 1932, with monies and a collection of Shakespeareana bequeathed it by Henry Clay Folger (1857–1930). While a student at Amherst, Folger, who became chairman of the board of Standard Oil of New York, was inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson to begin his lifelong acquisitions. The collection includes seventy‐nine First Folios and is equaled only by collections in the British Museum and the Bodleian Library at Oxford. The Library has been administered by Amherst under the direction of Dr. Joseph Quincy Adams, Louis B. Wright, and other respected scholars. In 1970, its director at that time, O. B. Hardison Jr. joined with Richmond Crinkley to found the Folger Theatre Group and to mount numerous Shakespearean revivals as well as modern plays in the Elizabethan‐style theatre housed within the Library. In 1985 the theatre end became a separate entity, incorporated as the Shakespeare Theatre at the Folger. But that group, under the direction of Michael Kahn, left to occupy another space (dropping “at the Folger” from its name), and the Folger Globe replica is now used for touring groups and special events.

Folger Shakespeare Memorial Library, Washington, D.C. (dedicated 1932), is the gift of Henry Clay Folger (1857–1930) and his wife and is administered by his alma mater, Amherst. It contains the greatest collection in the U.S. of Shakespeareana, including 79 copies of the First Folio, and a great collection dealing with English culture before 1800.

Folger Shakespeare Library fōl´jər : see under Folger, Henry Clay .