FAIR DEAL

FAIR DEAL was the phrase adopted by President Harry S. Truman to characterize the program of domestic legislation his administration sought to pass through Congress. In September 1945 Truman sent to Congress a twenty-one point program, based in part on the Democratic

platform of 1944. The Fair Deal called for a full-employment law, the permanent establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Committee, and progressive legislation on housing, health insurance, aid to education, atomic energy, and the development of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Congress passed the Employment Act of 1946, which established the Council of Economic Advisers, but Republican victories in the 1946 midterm congressional elections blocked further passage of Fair Deal legislation. In 1948 Truman defeated the Republican candidate, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, and Democrats recaptured control of Congress. In his annual message to Congress in January 1949, during which he coined the phrase "Fair Deal," Truman asked for laws on housing, full employment, higher minimum wages, better price supports for farmers, more organizations like the Tennessee Valley Authority, the extension of social security, and fair employment practices. Congress responded by passing a slum clearance act, raising the minimum wage, and extending social security benefits to 10 million more people. The coming of the Korean War in June 1950 and a general prosperity lessened interest in the Fair Deal program, but many of Truman's social welfare proposals—as well as his proposals for the development of atomic energy and the St. Lawrence Seaway, for example—were legislated in subsequent administrations.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hamby, Alonzo L. Beyond the New Deal: Harry S. Truman and American Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973.

McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.

Vincent C.Hopkins/a. g.

See alsoMinimum-Wage Legislation ; Social Legislation ; Social Security .

Fair Deal (USA) The term used to describe the domestic programme of US President Truman in January 1949. Following his unexpected victory in the 1948 presidential election, Truman hoped to advance beyond the New Deal to introduce measures on civil rights, fair employment practices, education, public health insurance, extended social security benefits, support for low-income housing, price and rent control, and farm subsidies. The programme also proposed guaranteed full employment and an increased minimum wage. A coalition of Republicans and conservative Southern Democrats (Dixiecrats) blocked most of the measures in Congress until financial and personal scandals involving members of the administration, the Communist takeover in China, and the outbreak of the Korean War undermined Truman's political capital. Nevertheless, he did manage to secure some advances in housing (through the 1949 Housing Act) and social security.

Fair Deal. See Truman, Harry S.