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Factory Acts
Factory Acts Laws to regulate conditions of employment of factory workers. In Britian two early Acts of Parliament in 1802 and 1819, which aimed to protect children and apprentices, failed because they could not be enforced. The Factory Act of 1833 banned the employment of children under 9, restricted working hours of older children, and provided for the appointment of factory inspectors. Legislation in Britain (1844 and 1847) extended protection of workers into mines and other industries and reduced the working day to ten hours. A Factory Act (1874) consolidated the ten-hour day and raised the age of children in employment to 10, this being further raised to 12 in 1901 and 14 in 1920. In the 20th century a complicated structure of industrial law developed. It was to counter the problem of child labour and the exploitation of factory workers, particularly women, that the International Labour Organization (ILO) was formed by the League of Nations (1919). Despite such initiatives, the exploitation of Third World women and children in such trades as the garment industry remains a matter of serious concern. In Britain workers have been further protected by such legislation as the Employers' Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act (1969), the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974), and the Employment Act (1989). The ‘Social Chapter’ of the MAASTRICHT TREATY (1992), harmonized labour laws throughout the EU.
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Cite this article
"Factory Acts." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Factory Acts." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-FactoryActs.html "Factory Acts." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-FactoryActs.html |
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Factory Acts
Factory Acts were introduced to protect working people from employers who permitted dangerous practices and environments in workplaces. The first Acts of 1809 and 1823 failed to include adequate enforcement clauses. In 1833 Lord Ashley (later earl of Shaftesbury) introduced the first effective law. It established an inspectorate with powers to enter premises and to require evidence of compliance with restrictions on the employment of women and children. This Act applied only to large textile factories. Acts of 1844, 1847, and 1863 extended the laws to other manufactures and included small workshops. Conditions in mines and quarries, brickfields, railways, shipping, alkali works, aircraft, and shops and warehouses were regulated separately. Concern about workers and the safeguarding of the general public were the subject of many pieces of legislation during the 19th and 20th cents. A coherent law relating to safety at work was not achieved until 1969 when the Health and Safety Executive was set up.
Ian John Ernest Keil |
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Factory Acts." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Factory Acts." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-FactoryActs.html JOHN CANNON. "Factory Acts." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-FactoryActs.html |
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Factory Acts
Factory Acts were introduced to protect working people from employers who permitted dangerous practices in workplaces. The first Acts of 1809 and 1823 failed to include effective enforcement clauses. In 1833 Lord Ashley (later earl of Shaftesbury) introduced the first effective law, establishing an inspectorate with powers to enter premises and require compliance with restrictions on the employment of women and children. A coherent law relating to safety at work was not achieved until 1969 when the Health and Safety Executive was set up.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Factory Acts." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Factory Acts." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-FactoryActs.html JOHN CANNON. "Factory Acts." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-FactoryActs.html |
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Factory Acts
Factory Acts (in the UK) a series of laws regulating the operation of factories, designed to improve the working conditions of employees, especially women and children. The most important was that of 1833, which set a minimum age of 9 years and a maximum of eight hours a day for child employees and which also instituted inspectors to ensure compliance with these regulations.
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Cite this article
ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Factory Acts." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Factory Acts." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-FactoryActs.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Factory Acts." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-FactoryActs.html |
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factory acts
factory acts see labor law . |
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Cite this article
"factory acts." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "factory acts." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-factorya.html "factory acts." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-factorya.html |
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