Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches: General Biographies

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Further reading

Ercole Consalvi

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Ercole Consalvi , 1757–1824, Italian cardinal and papal diplomat. In his first term (1800–1806) as secretary of state for Pope Pius VII he negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with Napoleon Bonaparte (later Emperor Napoleon I). Despite Consalvi's astute diplomacy, Napoleon annexed the papal states in 1809. Consalvi was compelled to go to Paris, where his refusal to attend Napoleon's second marriage (1809) resulted in exile at Reims. Reinstated as secretary of state after Napoleon's second abdication (1814), Consalvi vainly struggled against reactionary elements to reform the administration of the Papal States.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Ercole Consalvi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Ercole Consalvi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Consalvi.html

"Ercole Consalvi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Consalvi.html

Learn more about citation styles

Consalvi, Ercole

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Consalvi, Ercole (1757–1824), Italian statesman. He entered the Papal service early and in 1800 was created cardinal and made Secretary of State. He was chiefly responsible for the negotiation of the Concordat of 1801. He represented the Pope at the Congress of Vienna (1815) and secured the restoration of the Papal States.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Consalvi, Ercole." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Consalvi, Ercole." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-ConsalviErcole.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Consalvi, Ercole." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-ConsalviErcole.html

Learn more about citation styles

Free newspaper and magazine articles

	The papacy's checkered career.(A History of the Popes: From Peter to the... Magazine article from: National Catholic Reporter; 12/11/2009
	The evangelical reform of catholic advocacy: effective witness in the public... Magazine article from: First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life; 12/1/2011
	Good start for bishops.(Editorials)(But sex abuse scandal needs stronger... Newspaper article from: The Register Guard (Eugene, OR); 6/10/2002