Philosophy: Biographies

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Further reading

Eduard von Hartmann

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Eduard von Hartmann , 1842-1906, German philosopher. His Philosophy of the Unconscious appeared in 1869 (tr., 3 vol., 1884; new ed. 1931). By the unconscious, Hartmann meant the inexplicable forces of nature which activate the world process, whether in atoms or in organisms. Influenced by Schopenhauer and Hegel , he saw the world process as a struggle between blind impulse and reason. In ethics, he overcame an early pessimism founded on the irrational characteristics of life and later formulated a qualified optimism based on the evolutionary forces of reason.

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Hartmann, Eduard von

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Hartmann, Eduard von (1842–1906). German philosopher. He saw in the ‘Unconscious’ an all-pervasive monistic principle which was at once will and presentation and also the ground of evolutionary development. Christianity, which was only a stage along the way to the religion of Absolute Spirit, was dead and its gravedigger was modern Protestantism.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Hartmann, Eduard von." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Hartmann, Eduard von." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-HartmannEduardvon.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Hartmann, Eduard von." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-HartmannEduardvon.html

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