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Dumbarton Oaks Conference
DUMBARTON OAKS CONFERENCEDUMBARTON OAKS CONFERENCE was held from 21 August to 7 October 1944 at an estate in the Georgetown area of Washington, D.C. Four powers participated: the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China. Because of Soviet neutrality in the Asian conflict, China only attended beginning 29 September, the day the Russians departed. The conference had the task of preparing a charter for a "general international organization," as stipulated in the Moscow Declaration of 30 October 1943. The conference chose the name of the wartime alliance, the United Nations (UN), for the new body. In imitation of the League of Nations, the new UN would possess a Security Council, a General Assembly, a Secretariat, and an International Court of Justice. To avoid, however, the pitfalls of the League of Nations, the conferees concluded that unanimous votes should not be mandatory to reach decisions in the Security Councilor the General Assembly; all signatories must agree in advance to act on the Security Council's findings; contingents of the armed forces of member states must be at Security Council disposal; and that the creation of an Economic and Social Council was necessary. Certain crucial matters were deferred to such meetings as Yalta (February 1945) and San Francisco (April–June 1945). The most important deferred decision concerned the use of the veto in the Security Council. All participants at Dum-barton Oaks agreed on the right of the permanent Security Council members to exercise the veto to prevent the UN from taking any action against themselves. They nonetheless deferred for future consideration the stage at which they might interpose their vetoes. Other matters postponed for further consideration included voting procedures in the Security Council, admission to the new body, the jurisdiction of the International Court, and the former German islands in the Pacific that had been mandated to Japan. BIBLIOGRAPHYHilderbrand, Robert C. Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. Schild, Georg. Bretton Woods and Dumbarton Oaks: American Economic and Political Postwar Planning in the Summer of 1944. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Justus D.Doenecke See alsoLeague of Nations ; United Nations ; Yalta Conference . |
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"Dumbarton Oaks Conference." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401801290.html "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401801290.html |
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Dumbarton Oaks conference
Dumbarton Oaks conference, held at a Harvard University centre near Washington DC when delegates from 39 nations met to discuss the framework for a new global security organization as outlined in the Four-Power Declaration. Because the USSR was not then involved in the war in the Far East, it was held in two phases, the first between 21 August and 28 September 1944, the second between 28 September and 7 October when the Chinese delegation replaced the Soviet one. The conference issued a twelve-chapter set of guidelines for the formation of a United Nations organization (see San Francisco conference), a Secretariat, and an International Court of Justice. It was agreed that the United Nations organization would comprise a General Assembly and a Security Council. The Council would have executive powers and would comprise five permanent members—China, UK, USA, USSR, and, when a legitimate government had been formed, France—and six other members who would be elected on two-year terms by the General Assembly. Left unresolved were the USSR's demand for a seat for each of the sixteen Soviet republics and the use of the veto in the Council. See also diplomacy.
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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Dumbarton Oaks conference." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Dumbarton Oaks conference." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-DumbartonOaksconference.html I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Dumbarton Oaks conference." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-DumbartonOaksconference.html |
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Dumbarton Oaks Conference
Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) An international conference at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, DC, when representatives of the USA, Britain, the Soviet Union, and China drew up proposals that served as the basis for the charter of the UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION formulated at the San Francisco Conference the following year. Attention at Dumbarton Oaks was focused on measures to secure ‘the maintenance of international peace and security’, and one of its main achievements was the planning of a United Nations Security Council.
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"Dumbarton Oaks Conference." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-DumbartonOaksConference.html "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-DumbartonOaksConference.html |
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Dumbarton Oaks Conference
Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Aug.–Oct. 1944) A number of meetings held at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC. Attended by representatives of the USA, Britain, the Soviet Union, and China, it prepared for the foundation of the United Nations at San Francisco the following year. One of the main items under discussion was the role of the Security Council, and its relationship to the discredited League of Nations.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-DumbartonOaksConference.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-DumbartonOaksConference.html |
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Dumbarton Oaks Conference
Dumbarton Oaks Conference see United Nations . |
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"Dumbarton Oaks Conference." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-DumbartOC.html "Dumbarton Oaks Conference." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-DumbartOC.html |
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