Dominique de Gourgues

Dominique de Gourgues , c.1530-1593, French soldier and adventurer. He served in the French army in Italy, was captured by the Spanish, then by the Turks, served as galley slave under both, and after his release led expeditions to Africa and South America. Stirred by the massacre (1565), by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , of the French Huguenot colony at Fort Caroline on the Florida coast, he fitted out three ships and, joining forces with the Native Americans of the region, captured the Spanish fort of San Mateo (formerly Fort Caroline). He ruthlessly put all the surviving garrison to death and nailed to a tree a sign saying, "Hanged, not as Spaniards, but as traitors, robbers, and murderers" ; this was in reply to the Spanish claim that the French colonists were "hanged, not as Frenchmen, but as Lutherans and heretics."

Perrault, Dominique (1953– ). French architect. He entered many architectural competitions, including that for the École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Électronique, Marne-la-Vallée (won in 1984 and completed in 1987), and the Hôtel Industriel Berlier, Paris (won in 1986 and completed in 1989). In the latter year he crowned his success by winning the competition to design the huge Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, one of the Grands Projets of the late President François Mitterrand (1916–96), and consisting of four huge L-shaped towers linked by lower blocks (1989–96—the object of some controversy concerning its efficiency). More recently he designed the Town Hall, hotel, and shops, Innsbruck, Austria (1996–2003—a somewhat surprising addition to Innsbruck's historic centre, regarded by some as ‘creating an invigorating tension between the old and new’, and by others as an unwelcome intrusion).

Bibliography

Architectural Review, ccxvi/1280 (Oct. 2003), 56–60;
Kalman (1994);
Jodidio (1996a);
D. Perrault (1994, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002)

Lassurance, Pierre Cailleteau, known as (1650–1724). Assistant to J. Hardouin-Mansart, he worked at Versailles (1684–1700), where he seems to have been behind the effective disposition of mirrors as part of the interior decoration. In Paris he designed several hôtels, illustrated by Blondel, with many features that influenced Boffrand and de Cotte. Among his essays of the hôtel particulier type were the Hôtel des Marets, Rue de St-Marc (1704), Hôtel de Montbazon, Rue St-Honoré (1719), and Hôtel de Roquelaure, Rue St-Dominique (1722).

Bibliography

J- F. Blondel (1752–6);
Hautecœur (1950);
Kalnein (1995);
Kalman and Lampugnani (ed.) (1972);
Kimball (1980)