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London, Declaration of
LONDON, DECLARATION OFLONDON, DECLARATION OF. This was a code of laws relating to maritime warfare drafted on 26 February 1909 by the London Naval Conference. Conspicuous in the declaration were the issues of contraband and continuous voyage. The parties reached agreement on lists of contraband and on the classification of goods that could not be declared contraband. They restricted continuous voyage in application to contraband. The declaration illustrates the strength and weakness of international legislation. Although the declaration was never ratified, the United States tried to make it an important instrument of policy. Secretary of State Robert Lansing secretly tried to persuade Britain to follow the declaration during World War I. Britain rejected the plan, and the United States fell back on the traditional principles of international law. BIBLIOGRAPHYInternational Naval Conference. The Declaration of London, February 26, 1909: A Collection of Official Papers and Documents Relating to the International Naval Conference Held in London, December 1908–February 1909. New York: Oxford University Press, 1919. Perkins, Bradford. The Great Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1895–1914. New York: Atheneum, 1968. Pyke, Harold Reason. The Law of Contraband of War. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1915. HonorSachs Richard W.Van Alstyne See alsoInternational Law ; World War I . |
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"London, Declaration of." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "London, Declaration of." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401802423.html "London, Declaration of." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401802423.html |
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Declarations of Indulgence
Declarations of Indulgence Four proclamations issued by Charles II and James II of England in an attempt to achieve religious toleration. Charles II issued Declarations in 1662 and 1672, stating that the penal laws against Roman Catholics and Protestant dissenters were to be suspended, but protests by Parliament caused both attempts to be abandoned. James II issued similar Declarations in 1687 and 1688, the latter leading to the trial of the Seven Bishops. James II insisted that the Declaration should be read in all churches; a Tory High Churchman, Archbishop Sancroft and six bishops who refused to do so were tried on a charge of seditious libel and were acquitted. The verdict was a popular one and widespread protest and defiance followed during the months leading up to the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION of 1688.
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"Declarations of Indulgence." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Declarations of Indulgence." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-DeclarationsofIndulgence.html "Declarations of Indulgence." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-DeclarationsofIndulgence.html |
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Declarations of Indulgence
Declarations of Indulgence Charles II disliked the penal laws against protestant and catholic dissenters and in 1672 issued a Declaration of Indulgence. The House of Commons protested vehemently: ‘no such power was ever claimed or exercised by any of Your Majesty's predecessors.’ Charles climbed down and withdrew it. James II issued another declaration in 1687, repeated it in 1688, and compounded matters with a foolish preface declaring, ‘we cannot but heartily wish, as it will easily be believed, that all the people of our dominions were members of the Catholic Church.’
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JOHN CANNON. "Declarations of Indulgence." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Declarations of Indulgence." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-DeclarationsofIndulgence.html JOHN CANNON. "Declarations of Indulgence." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-DeclarationsofIndulgence.html |
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Declarations of Indulgence
Declarations of Indulgence. Four proclamations by Charles II and James II on religious toleration. The Worcester House Declaration of 1660 granted a temporary indulgence in ceremonial matters. Of the Declarations of Indulgence properly so called, that of 1662 announced Charles II's intention of placing before Parliament a bill allowing him more power to suspend the operation of the penal laws against dissenters from the C of E. The other three, in 1672, 1687, and 1688, suspended the operation of these laws by virtue of the royal prerogative. See also JAMES II.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Declarations of Indulgence." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Declarations of Indulgence." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-DeclarationsofIndulgence.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Declarations of Indulgence." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-DeclarationsofIndulgence.html |
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indulgence, declarations of
indulgence, declarations of, decrees suspending by royal authority all penal laws against Catholics and dissenters, issued on 15 March 1672 and 4 April 1687. The first, ostensibly a bid for national unity on the eve of war with the Dutch republic, may have reflected Charles II's desire to improve the position of Catholics (see restoration). The second confirmed James II's abandonment of his former Tory supporters for an attempted Catholic‐dissenter alliance.
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"indulgence, declarations of." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "indulgence, declarations of." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-indulgencedeclarationsof.html "indulgence, declarations of." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-indulgencedeclarationsof.html |
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