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Crow
CrowETHNONYMS: Absarokee, Apsaalooke, Apsaroke The Crow are an American Indian group who today live primarily on the Crow Reservation in Big Horn and Yellowstone counties, Montana. The 1980 U.S. census counted 7,074 Crow of whom 4,846 were in Montana, with about 4,000 living on the reservation. The Crow and Hidatsa are closely related linguistically and evidently formed one group in the past before the Crow split off and moved west where they eventually adopted a nomadic bison-hunting life-style typical of the Plains culture of the 1800s. The Crow and Hidatsa languages are classified as a subfamily in the Siouan language family. The Crow language is still spoken regularly on the reservation. The Crow were often at war with the Blackfoot and Teton but maintained generally peaceful trade relations with the Shoshone and Hidatsa. Regular contact with Whites, which began in the early 1800s, was usually peaceful, with the Crow often serving as scouts for the U.S. Army. In 1851 the Crow were given a 38-million-acre reservation, which was much reduced in size in 1868. The Crow Reservation today contains 335,951 acres of tribal land, with an additional 1,229,628 acres allotted to individuals. As with other Plains groups, Crow life centered on hunting bison from horseback to obtain food and most other material objects. The tipi was the major type of dwelling. The Crow were divided into thirteen exogamous matrilineal clans and six phratries. There were also named military and social societies, with membership through election. The camps were governed by a council of esteemed warriors and a head chief, who achieved this status through succesful military exploits. Governance today rests with the tribal council composed of all adults on the reservation and an executive committee comprising seventeen district representatives. Special Commissions oversee specific activities or projects such as water and utilities and industrial development. Following the Decline of the bison after 1880, the Crow turned to horse and cattle raising and farming on the reservation. Today, compared to many other American Indian groups, the Crow are well-off financially, although the poverty and unemployment rates are several times higher than the national averages. Individual and tribal income is derived from ranching, farming, manufacturing, commercial establishments, wage and salaried labor, and tourism, with many tourists visiting the Custer Battlefield National Monument on the reservation and the fairs and rodeos run by the Crow. The tribe also operates Little Big Horn College at Crow Agency, Montana. The traditional religion centered on beliefs in various spirits, the Trickster (Coyote), visions, and vision quests. Shamanism, although not highly developed, existed. Shamans were those who had acquired stronger supernatural powers in certain endeavors through especially important visions. The Sun Dance and Tobacco Society ceremonies were the most important, and both are still performed today. Most Crow have now been converted to either Roman Catholicism or Protestantism, though traditional beliefs and practices continue. BibliographyFrey, Rodney (1987). The World of the Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Lowie, Robert H. (1935). The Crow Indians. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. |
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"Crow." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Crow." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458000070.html "Crow." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. 1996. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458000070.html |
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Crow
[Image not available for copyright reasons] CROWCROW. The Crow Indians of Montana call themselves Apsáalooke, or "Children of the Large-Beaked Bird." This term was erroneously translated as "Crow" by early European traders and has since been their English name. The ancestors of the Crows were affiliated with the Hidatsa of the upper Missouri River. In the late 1400s they migrated westward, coming to control southeastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming. Historically, the Crows were nomadic hunters and warriors who lived in tipis, traveled in search of game, primarily buffalo, and fought intertribal battles over honors and horses. The Crows were divided into three political bands: the Mountain Crows, who lived along the Yellowstone River; the River Crows, who occupied the territory north of the Yellowstone River; and the Kicked in the Bellies, who moved about the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. By the 1700s the Crows were important middlemen in an intertribal trade network. To the east they traded horses and products of the hunt with the Hidatsa and Mandan for agricultural goods and European trade items, especially the gun. To the west they traded with the Shoshones and Nez Perce for horses, decorative shells, and edible roots. In the mid-1800s, other native groups, especially the Lakotas and their allies, had moved into Crow territory. In response, the Crows often assisted the U.S. military against a common enemy and to maintain control of their land. With the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, the Crows gradually came under the control of the federal government. Their present reservation is a mere 2.2 million acres, compared to the 38 million acres they once controlled. In 2000 their population was slightly more then 10,000 individuals, with most living on or near the reservation. Contemporary Crow people have accepted some Euro-American practices and beliefs, but they continue to utilize their native language and culture. BIBLIOGRAPHYFrey, Rodney. The World of the Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987. Hoxie, Frederick E. Parading Through History: The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Lowie, Robert Harry. The Crow Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. McCleary, Timothy P. The Stars We Know: Crow Indian Astronomy and Lifeways. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press, 1997. Medicine Crow, Joseph. From the Heart of the Crow Country: The Crow Indians' Own Stories. New York: Orion Books, 1992. Timothy P.McCleary See alsoLaramie, Fort, Treaty of ; Tribes: Great Plains ; andvol. 9:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 . |
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"Crow." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Crow." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401801097.html "Crow." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401801097.html |
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crow
crow. The several species of the large, raucous bird with glossy black plumage (genus Corvus) are often cited in Celtic narratives and usually have associations with war and death. The hooded or grey crow (genus Corvus cornex), carrion crow (Corvus corone), rook (Corvus frugilegus), and raven (genus Corvus corax) are not always perceived separately. Several figures take the form of the crow, including the Irish goddesses Badb, Mórrígan, and Macha. When she perches on the shoulder of the dying Cúchulainn, Mórrígan takes the form of a hooded crow. The crow-goddess Cathubodua was an ancient Continental patroness of battle. Cornu, a great black bird that may or may not have been a crow, was sent to St Patrick's Purgatory. The Welsh Brân means crow; the Irish Fuinche means scald-crow, Morfran means great crow. The killing of a crow in winter, the spilling of blood on the snow, introduces the black-white-red motif that sends such lovers as Peredur and Conchobar on their quests. ModIr. for crow is préachán or feannóg; hooded crow, feannóg dubh. ScG for crow is feannag; Manx craue, fannag; W brân Corn. brān, cana; Bret. kavan.
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JAMES MacKILLOP. "crow." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAMES MacKILLOP. "crow." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-crow.html JAMES MacKILLOP. "crow." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-crow.html |
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crow
crow figurative uses may refer to carrion crows feeding on the bodies of the dead, and the bird is also taken as a type of blackness.
A crow is the emblem of St Anthony of Egypt and St Paul the first hermit (see St Paul2), who were brought a loaf of bread by a crow or raven. as the crow flies as directly as possible; the expression is recorded from the early 19th century. crow quill a quill pen made from a large feather of a crow's wing, formerly used for fine writing. crow's foot a branching wrinkle at the outer corner of a person's eye. crow steps the steplike projections on the sloping part of a gable, common in Flemish architecture and 16th- and 17th-century Scottish buildings. eat crow in North American usage, be humiliated by having to admit one's defeats or mistakes (crow here is taken as a type of poor and unpalatable food). white crow a rare thing or event, a rara avis; the expression is recorded from the 16th century. See also on the first of March, the crows begin to search. |
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "crow." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "crow." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-crow.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "crow." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-crow.html |
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crow
crow partially migratory black bird, genus Corvus, of the same family as the raven, the magpie, the jay, and the rook and the jackdaw of Europe. The American, or common, crow, C. brachyrhynchos, about 19 in. (49 cm) long, has a wingspread of over 3 ft (92 cm). Crows eat some eggs and nestlings and grain, but destroy many harmful insects and rodents. In winter they gather at night by thousands in communal roosts. Their throaty "caw" is familiar, although they can also produce a musical warble. Crows, along with the other members of the family Corvidae, are considered to be the most intelligent of all birds. They are easily tamed and can learn to mimic some human sounds. The New Caledonian crow, C. moneduloides, is especially noted for its intelligence with respect to tools and toolmaking; it can use sticks, wire, string, and other objects as tools and can reshape them so that the object is better suited to a specific use. The fish crow, C. ossifragus, of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts is smaller than the common crow. The carrion crow, C. corone, of Eurasia is a flesh-eating bird 18 to 20 in. (46–51 cm) long. Crows are classified in the phylum Chordata , subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Passeriformes, family Corvidae. |
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"crow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "crow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-crow.html "crow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-crow.html |
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crow
crow1 / krō/ • n. 1. a large perching bird (genus Corvus) with mostly glossy black plumage, a heavy bill, and a raucous voice. The crow family (Corvidae) also includes the ravens, jays, magpies, choughs, and nutcrackers. 2. (the Crow) the constellation Corvus. PHRASES: as the crow flies in a straight line. eat crow inf. be humiliated by having to admit one's defeats or mistakes. crow2 • v. (past crowed or Brit. crew / kroō/ ) [intr.] (of a cock) utter its characteristic loud cry. ∎ (of a person) make a sound expressing a feeling of happiness or triumph. ∎ say something in a tone of gloating satisfaction: avoid crowing about your success. • n. [usu. in sing.] the cry of a cock. ∎ a sound made by a person expressing triumph or happiness: she gave a little crow of triumph. |
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"crow." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "crow." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-crow005.html "crow." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-crow005.html |
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crow
crow Large, black bird found in many temperate woodlands and farm areas worldwide. Living in large flocks, crows prey on small animals and eat plants and carrion. They can be crop pests. They are intelligent birds and can sometimes be taught to repeat phrases. The female lays three to six greenish eggs. Family Corvidae. See also jay; magpie; raven; rook
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"crow." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "crow." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-crow.html "crow." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-crow.html |
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crow
crow 2 utter the cry of a cock. OE. crāwan, corr. to Du. kraaien, OHG. krā(w)en (G. krähen). WGmc. word of imit. orig. The str. pt. is still prevalent in the proper sense, but crowed is used in the sense ‘utter joyful cries’.
Hence crow sb. act of crowing XIII. |
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T. F. HOAD. "crow." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "crow." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-crow1.html T. F. HOAD. "crow." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-crow1.html |
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Crow
CrowThe cawing of a crow is said to be an omen of evil. Another superstition claims that if a crow croaks an odd number of times, the weather will be bad; if even, the weather will be fine. In general, the crow has been considered a messenger of death since ancient times. |
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"Crow." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Crow." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3403801228.html "Crow." Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. 2001. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3403801228.html |
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Crow
Crow / krō/ • n. (pl. same or Crows) 1. a member of an American Indian people inhabiting eastern Montana. 2. the Siouan language of this people. • adj. of or relating to this people or their language. |
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"Crow." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Crow." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-crow.html "Crow." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-crow.html |
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crow
crow 1 black carrion-feeding bird OE.; bar of iron with beak-like end XIV. OE. crāwe, corr. to OS. krāia (Du kraai), OHG. krāwa, krā(ha) (G. krähe); f. next.
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T. F. HOAD. "crow." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "crow." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-crow.html T. F. HOAD. "crow." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-crow.html |
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Crow
Crow Hants. Croue 1086 (DB). Celtic *crïw ‘weir, fish-trap’ or *crou ‘sty’.
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A. D. MILLS. "Crow." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Crow." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Crow.html A. D. MILLS. "Crow." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Crow.html |
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Crow
Crow, a volume of poetry by Ted Hughes.
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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Crow." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Crow." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-Crow.html MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Crow." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-Crow.html |
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crow
crow
•aglow, ago, alow, although, apropos, art nouveau, Bamako, Bardot, beau, Beaujolais Nouveau, below, bestow, blow, bo, Boileau, bons mots, Bordeaux, Bow, bravo, bro, cachepot, cheerio, Coe, crow, Defoe, de trop, doe, doh, dos-à-dos, do-si-do, dough, dzo, Flo, floe, flow, foe, foreknow, foreshow, forgo, Foucault, froe, glow, go, good-oh, go-slow, grow, gung-ho, Heathrow, heave-ho, heigh-ho, hello, ho, hoe, ho-ho, jo, Joe, kayo, know, lo, low, maillot, malapropos, Marceau, mho, Miró, mo, Mohs, Monroe, mot, mow, Munro, no, Noh, no-show, oh, oho, outgo, outgrow, owe, Perrault, po, Poe, pro, quid pro quo, righto, roe, Rouault, row, Rowe, sew, shew, show, sloe, slow, snow, so, soh, sow, status quo, stow, Stowe, strow, tally-ho, though, throw, tic-tac-toe, to-and-fro, toe, touch-and-go, tow, trow, undergo, undersow, voe, whacko, whoa, wo, woe, Xuzhou, yo, yo-ho-ho, Zhengzhou, Zhou
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"crow." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "crow." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-crow.html "crow." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-crow.html |
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