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Constitutions of Clarendon
Constitutions of Clarendon 1164, articles issued by King Henry II of England at the Council of Clarendon defining the customs governing relations between church and state. In the anarchic conditions of the previous reign, the church had extended its jurisdiction in various ways, and it was the king's object to curb the growth of ecclesiastical power by securing the assent of the English prelates to this codification, which he claimed represented the practices followed during the reign of his grandfather, Henry I. The majority of the 16 articles dealt with church authority and the competence of ecclesiastical courts, while others defined the extent of papal authority in England; and they were in fact a fair statement of earlier customs. However, several articles were contrary to canon law, and controversy centered on two clauses in particular: that which provided for the secular punishment of clerics convicted of crime in the ecclesiastical courts (already a major point at issue between the king and the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas à Becket ) and that which forbade appeals to Rome without royal consent. After much debate, the English prelates assented to the Constitutions at Clarendon, but after the pope had condemned the codification, Becket repudiated his agreement. When the bitter quarrel between the king and his archbishop ended (1170) in Becket's murder, Henry felt compelled to amend the Constitutions, explicitly revoking the two controversial clauses. However, for the most part the Constitutions of Clarendon remained in effect as part of the law of the land.
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"Constitutions of Clarendon." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Constitutions of Clarendon." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ClarendoCn.html "Constitutions of Clarendon." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ClarendoCn.html |
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Clarendon, Constitutions of
CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OFStatutes—enacted by a parliament convened at Clarendon, England, in 1164 during the reign of King Henry II—that restricted the authority of the pope and his clergy by subjecting them to the secular jurisdiction of the king's court. The Constitutions of Clarendon limited the jurisdiction that ecclesiastical courts exercised over members of the clergy while expanding the jurisdiction of the civil court of the king. Clerics accused of common-law crimes, as opposed to violations of canon law, were tried in the king's court. The procedure for making appeals in ecclesiastical law was revised so that the final decision was to be rendered by the king, rather than the pope. Archbishop of Canterbury thomas À becket reluctantly agreed to these enactments at first but subsequently rejected them with the approval of Pope Alexander III. His efforts had, however, no effect on the development of english law resulting from the Constitutions of Clarendon. |
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"Clarendon, Constitutions of." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Clarendon, Constitutions of." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437700861.html "Clarendon, Constitutions of." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437700861.html |
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Clarendon, constitutions of
Clarendon, constitutions of. A written statement of Henry II's view of his customary rights over the English church. It was issued at a council held at the palace of Clarendon in January 1164 in an attempt to clarify and settle the issues at stake in the king's quarrel with Becket. He required the bishops to promise to obey these customs in good faith, but since some of the constitutions, including one perceived as undermining benefit of clergy, seemed to threaten the liberty of the church and in consequence were soon condemned by Pope Alexander III, the only outcome was to escalate the dispute.
John Gillingham |
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JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, constitutions of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, constitutions of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Clarendonconstitutionsof.html JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, constitutions of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Clarendonconstitutionsof.html |
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Clarendon, Constitutions of
Clarendon, Constitutions of A document presented by HENRY II of England to a council convened at Clarendon, near Salisbury, in 1166. The king sought to define certain relationships between the state and the Church according to established usage. Churchmen, in particular Thomas à BECKET, saw it as state interference. The most controversial issue, BENEFIT OF CLERGY, concerned Henry's claim to try in his law courts clerics who had already been convicted in the ecclesiastical courts. After Becket's murder in 1170 Henry conceded the benefit of clergy, but not other points at issue.
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"Clarendon, Constitutions of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Clarendon, Constitutions of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ClarendonConstitutionsof.html "Clarendon, Constitutions of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ClarendonConstitutionsof.html |
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Clarendon, constitutions of
Clarendon, constitutions of A statement of Henry II's view of his customary rights over the English church. It was issued at a council held at Clarendon in 1164 in an attempt to settle the issues at stake in the king's quarrel with Becket. He required the bishops to promise to obey these customs, but since some of the constitutions, including one perceived as undermining benefit of clergy, seemed to threaten the liberty of the church and in consequence were condemned by Pope Alexander III, the dispute escalated.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, constitutions of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, constitutions of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Clarendonconstitutionsof.html JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, constitutions of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Clarendonconstitutionsof.html |
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Clarendon, Constitutions of
Clarendon, Constitutions of. A schedule of sixteen clauses put forward by Henry II as a statement of English customs under his grandfather, to regulate the relations between ecclesiastical and lay jurisdiction and other matters. They were produced at the Council of Clarendon (1164) for the assent of Thomas Becket, who refused to affix his seal to the document. Alexander III condemned various clauses and a long dispute followed.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Clarendon, Constitutions of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Clarendon, Constitutions of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-ClarendonConstitutionsof.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Clarendon, Constitutions of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-ClarendonConstitutionsof.html |
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Clarendon, Constitutions of
Clarendon, Constitutions of (1164) Sixteen articles issued by Henry II of England to limit the temporal and judicial powers of the Church. The most controversial article required clergy who had been convicted in church courts to be punished by royal courts. They played a significant role in the dispute between Henry and Thomas à Becket.
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Cite this article
"Clarendon, Constitutions of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Clarendon, Constitutions of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-ClarendonConstitutionsof.html "Clarendon, Constitutions of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-ClarendonConstitutionsof.html |
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