Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches: General Biographies

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Aquaviva, Claudio

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Aquaviva, Claudio (1543–1615), fifth General of the Jesuits from 1581. Under his leadership the Society was consolidated both in respect of its internal structures and its characteristic approach to ministry. Its membership increased from c.5,000 to c.13,000. The ‘Ratio Studiorum’ (q.v.) was completed, as well as a set of guidelines (or ‘Directory’) for the use of the Spiritual Exercises. He also overcame a number of attempts to change the Society's form of government which were instigated by Spanish Jesuits with powerful support.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Aquaviva, Claudio." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Aquaviva, Claudio." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AquavivaClaudio.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Aquaviva, Claudio." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AquavivaClaudio.html

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Claudio Aquaviva

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Claudio Aquaviva , 1543–1615, Italian Jesuit. He was (1581–1615) fifth general of the Society of Jesus and composed the Ratio, the basis of Jesuit education.

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"Claudio Aquaviva." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Claudio Aquaviva." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Aquaviva.html

"Claudio Aquaviva." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Aquaviva.html

Learn more about citation styles