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Chester
Chester (Roman), known to the Romans as Deva, was founded in the 70s as a legionary fortress, originally for legio II Adiutrix. From the 80s it became the long-term base of legio XX Valeria Victrix. Originally constructed in timber, it was rebuilt in stone c.100 and was larger than normal at 60 acres. Parts of the northern and eastern defences continued in use down to the English Civil War. Excavation within the fortress is restricted by later buildings, but it seems to have contained the usual complement of buildings, and an unexplained and elaborate complex known as the ‘Elliptical Building’. Outside the south-eastern angle of the defences lay an amphitheatre, and traces of riverside works have been found to the west in the area of the Roodee. In the later Roman period the intensity of occupation declined, though was probably still military.
Alan Simon Esmonde Cleary post-RomanAfter the Norman invasion of 1066, William quickly marched north to subdue the rebellious native population, particularly the Welsh; the castle was commenced and an hereditary earldom created, but this title reverted to the crown in 1237. Although Chester prospered as an administrative centre, the port was no longer viable by 1600 because of silting.Granted a royal charter in 1506, Chester was severely affected by the Civil War since city and county supported opposing factions. Besieged 1644–6, the city was Charles's last important outlet to the sea and the nearest port for Ireland; he is said to have watched his army's defeat at Rowton Heath in September 1645 from the medieval walls before escaping into Wales, leaving the city to starve. By mid-18th cent., it had recovered into quiet country-town prosperity, remaining untroubled by later industrial unrest. The continuous, rambling first-floor arcades of the medieval rows are unique, but many of the black-and-white half-timbered restorations are Victorian. A. S. Hargreaves |
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JOHN CANNON. "Chester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Chester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Chester.html JOHN CANNON. "Chester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester Known to the Romans as Deva, was founded in the 70s as a legionary fortress, originally for legio II Adiutrix. From the 80s it became the long‐term base of legio XX Valeria Victrix. In the later Roman period the intensity of occupation declined, though was probably still military. After the Norman invasion of 1066, William marched north to subdue the rebellious native population, particularly the Welsh; the castle was commenced and a hereditary earldom created, though this title reverted to the crown in 1237. Although Chester prospered as an administrative centre, the port was no longer viable by 1600 because of silting.
Granted a royal charter in 1506, Chester was severely affected by the Civil War since city and county supported opposing factions. By mid‐18th cent., it had recovered into quiet country‐town prosperity. The continuous, first‐floor arcades of the medieval rows are unique, but many of the black‐and‐white half‐timbered restorations are Victorian. |
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Chester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Chester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Chester.html JOHN CANNON. "Chester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester city (1990 pop. 41,856), Delaware co., SE Pa., on the Delaware River south of Philadelphia; settled c.1644 by Swedes, inc. as a city 1866. A port, it was also long a shipbuilding center. There are ship transfer facilities and factories making metal, food, and paper products; marine anchors; machinery; communications equipment; and consumer goods. A gambling casino and racetrack also contribute to the city's economy, The Commodore Barry Bridge, with one of the world's longest cantilever main spans, crosses the Delaware to Bridgeport, N.J.
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"Chester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Chester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ChesterUS.html "Chester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ChesterUS.html |
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Chester
Chester, Canada, UK, USA Deva (Deoua)/Castra Devana, Castra Legionum, Legacaestir, Cestre (UK)1. UK (England): ‘(Roman) Town, or Camp’ from castra or the Old English ceaster with no geographical distinction, although Deva (Deoua) is associated with the River Dee, itself meaning ‘The Goddess’, on which it lies. It was the garrison of the 20th Roman Legion, hence its Roman names which meant ‘Camp of the Legions’.2. USA (Pennsylvania): first settled by the Swedes, Dutch settlers joined them in the first half of the 17th century and called the place Upland. It was renamed after the city in England, because of its Quaker centre, by William Penn (1644–1718), the founder of Pennsylvania, when he arrived in 1682.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Chester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Chester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Chester.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Chester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester City and county district on the River Dee, nw England, Cheshire. A Roman garrison town, it has been of strategic importance throughout British history. It was a major port until the Dee became silted and Liverpool's port facilities were expanded. Notable buildings include the city wall, a Roman amphitheatre and a medieval cathedral. Industries: tourism, engineering. Area: 448sq km (173sq mi). Pop. (1994) 120,622.
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"Chester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Chester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Chester.html "Chester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester. The city was perhaps the seat of the bishops of Mercia, but for most of the Middle Ages it was not a bishopric. The see was refounded in 1541 by Henry VIII, who made the church of the dissolved abbey of St Werburg the cathedral, under a new dedication to Christ and the BVM.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Chester." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Chester." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Chester.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Chester." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester ♂ Transferred use of the surname, in origin a local name from the city of Chester, so called from an Old English form of Latin castra ‘legionary camp’. Use as a given name has become quite common since the 20th century.
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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Chester." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Chester." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Chester.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Chester." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester Ches. Deoua c.150, Legacæstir 735, Cestre 1086 (DB). OE ceaster ‘Roman town or city’. Originally called Deoua from its situation on the River Dee, later Legacæstir meaning ‘city of the legions’.
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A. D. MILLS. "Chester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Chester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Chester.html A. D. MILLS. "Chester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Chester.html |
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Chester
Chester
•abetter, begetter, better, bettor, biretta, bruschetta, carburettor (US carburetor), debtor, feta, fetter, forgetter, getter, go-getter, Greta, Henrietta, letter, Loretta, mantelletta, operetta, petter, Quetta, setter, sinfonietta, sweater, upsetter, Valletta, vendetta, whetter
•bisector, collector, connector, convector, corrector, defector, deflector, detector, director, ejector, elector, erector, hector, injector, inspector, nectar, objector, perfecter, projector, prospector, protector, rector, reflector, rejector, respecter, sector, selector, Spector, spectre (US specter), vector
•belter, delta, helter-skelter, melter, pelta, Shelta, shelter, swelter, welter
•pre-emptor, tempter
•assenter, cementer, centre (US center), concentre (US concenter), dissenter, enter, eventer, fermenter (US fermentor), fomenter, frequenter, inventor, lamenter, magenta, placenta, polenta, precentor, presenter, preventer, renter, repenter, tenter, tormentor
•inceptor, preceptor, receptor, sceptre (US scepter)
•arrester, Avesta, Chester, contester, ester, Esther, fester, fiesta, Hester, investor, jester, Leicester, Lester, molester, Nestor, pester, polyester, protester, quester, semester, sequester, siesta, sou'wester, suggester, tester, trimester, vesta, zester
•Webster • dexter • Leinster
•Dorchester • Poindexter • newsletter
•genuflector • implementer
•experimenter • trendsetter
•epicentre (US epicenter)
•typesetter • jobcentre • photosetter
•Cirencester • interceptor • Sylvester
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"Chester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Chester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Chester.html "Chester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Chester.html |
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