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Census of Marine Life
Census of Marine Life an international program (2001–2010) to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of living organisms in the oceans. A project involving more than 2,700 scientists and some 80 nations, the census was directed by an international scientific steering committee, subcommittees, and national and regional committees. In addition to coordinating field surveys, which discovered more than 6,000 possibly new species, the census produced the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) to manage the database that resulted; OBIS is now maintained by UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. Historical research was also undertaken to provide an understanding of the past diversity and distribution of marine species. The secretariat for the project was at the Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education, Washington, D.C.
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"Census of Marine Life." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Census of Marine Life." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CensMarnLf.html "Census of Marine Life." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CensMarnLf.html |
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marines
marines, soldiers specially trained and adapted for warfare at sea, and latterly for amphibious operations. Several maritime nations have, or had, marine corps but only in Britain and the USA do they still serve at sea. The Royal Marines were formed in 1664, the US Marine Corps in 1798 (they were originally formed in 1775 but were disbanded at the same time as the Continental Navy in 1783). Both have stirring regimental songs which reflect their past. The Royal Marines march to ‘A Life on the Ocean Wave’ while the hymn of the US Marine Corps, ‘From the Halls of Montezuma to the Shore of Tripoli’, recalls the first overseas expedition of the newly independent United States which defeated the Barbary pirates of Tripoli in 1805.
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"marines." The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "marines." The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O225-marines.html "marines." The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea. 2006. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O225-marines.html |
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