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counties
counties (shires), territorial divisions created from the late 12th century as part of the Anglo‐Norman colonization. The process of shiring involved the appointment by the crown of a sheriff, in whom legal, military, and administrative powers were vested. Counties were, and remain, the most important unit of local government in Ireland. Co. Dublin was created before 1200. Cork, Waterford, and Munster had sheriffs by 1211. By 1240 Munster was divided into Cos. Limerick and Tipperary, and Cos. Louth and Kerry had been constituted. Connacht was created as a county prior to 1247. The later 13th century saw the creation of Roscommon, Kildare, Meath, and Carlow. Crown control fluctuated in the coming years, however, and some areas remained wholly outside the royal prerogative, either as recognized independent liberties or as autonomous Gaelic lordships. In 1556 King's and Queen's Counties were created by statute. The Flight of the Earls allowed the shiring of Ulster from 1604, and Wicklow was created in 1606. However, not until the abolition of the Ormond palatinate in 1716 were there 32 centrally appointed shrievalties. County identities were reinforced by the mapping of boundaries in 1846. County councils, created in 1898, now exercise considerable powers in the Irish Republic, though they were abolished in Northern Ireland in 1972. In 1993 the county of Fingal was created as an administrative division of the Irish Republic, from territory formerly within Co. Dublin.
Neal Garnham |
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Cite this article
"counties." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "counties." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-counties.html "counties." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-counties.html |
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Carlow
Carlow , county (1991 pop. 40,942), 346 sq mi (896 sq km), SE Republic of Ireland. The chief towns are Carlow , the county seat; Bagenalstown, on the Barrow River, which forms much of the western boundary of the county; and Tullow, on the Slaney River which crosses the county from north to south. The granitic uplands of the Blackstairs Mts. in the southeast are a conspicuous feature in an otherwise fertile lowland region. Grain and sugar-beet farming, cattle raising, and dairying are regional occupations. There are also flour-milling, malting, and sugar-refining industries. The trains from Dublin to Kilkenny and Waterford travel through Carlow. Organized as a county in the early 13th cent., Carlow was strategically situated on the southern edge of the English Pale . In the 13th cent. it had palatinate privileges. |
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Cite this article
"Carlow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carlow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CarlowCntyIre.html "Carlow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CarlowCntyIre.html |
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Carlow
Carlow town (1991 pop. 14,027), seat of Co. Carlow, SE Republic of Ireland, on the Barrow River. It is an agricultural market in a dairy region, with sugar refining, flour milling, brewing, and shoe manufacturing. There are ruins of a 12th-century castle. The town is also the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Kildare and Leighlin. Of strategic importance, Carlow was burned in 1405 and in 1577. In 1798 a fierce street battle was fought there by insurgent United Irishmen. St. Patrick's College for priests opened in 1798. |
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Cite this article
"Carlow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carlow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CarlowCit.html "Carlow." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CarlowCit.html |
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Carlow
Carlow (Ceatharlach), Ireland A county and a town with a name meaning ‘Four Lakes’. They are no longer evident.
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Cite this article
JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Carlow." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Carlow." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Carlow.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Carlow." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Carlow.html |
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Carlow
Carlow (Ceatharlach) Carlow. ‘Quadruple lake’.
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Cite this article
A. D. MILLS. "Carlow." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Carlow." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Carlow.html A. D. MILLS. "Carlow." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Carlow.html |
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