Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach , 1714-88, German composer; second son of J. S. Bach, his only teacher. While harpsichordist at the court of Frederick the Great, where his chief duty for 28 years (1738-67) was to accompany the monarch's performances on the flute, he wrote an important work on technique, Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments (1753, tr. 1949). After this artistically unsatisfying service with Frederick, Bach succeeded his godfather, Georg Philipp Telemann, as musical director at Hamburg. His 2 volumes of sonatas (1742-43) and his 20 symphonies established the typical classical forms of such works and powerfully influenced both Haydn and Beethoven. He also composed other keyboard music and sacred choral music. His craftsmanship was outstanding in the period between the baroque and classical periods.

Bibliography: See biography by E. Eugene Helm (1989).

Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714–88) German composer, second surviving son of J. S. Bach. The most prolific and famous of Bach's sons, he wrote more than 150 keyboard sonatas, 20 symphonies, c.50 harpsichord concertos, many chamber works and sacred music, and c.300 songs. He was a fine keyboard player and became a leading theorist with his Essay on the True Art of Keyboard Playing (1753–62).