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Carbonari
Carbonari (Italian, ‘charcoal burners’) A secret revolutionary society formed in Italy that was active in France and the Iberian Peninsula. It was formed in the kingdom of Naples during the reign of Joachim Murat (1808–15) and its members plotted to free the country from foreign rule. The society was influential in the revolt in Naples in 1820 that resulted in the granting of a constitution to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Similar revolts took place in Spain and Portugal (1820), Piedmont (1821), Romagna and Parma (1831), all in turn being suppressed. It was supplanted in Italy by the more broadly based YOUNG ITALY movement. Meanwhile the French movement, after mutinies in 1821–22, also declined.
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"Carbonari." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carbonari." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Carbonari.html "Carbonari." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Carbonari.html |
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Carbonari
Carbonari [Ital.,=charcoal burners], members of a secret society that flourished in Italy, Spain, and France early in the 19th cent. Possibly derived from Freemasonry, the society originated in the kingdom of Naples in the reign of Murat (1808-15) and drew its members from all stations of life, particularly from the army. It was closely organized, with a ritual, a symbolic language, and a hierarchy. Beyond advocacy of political freedom its aims were vague. The Carbonari were partially responsible for uprisings in Spain (1820), Naples (1820), and Piedmont (1821). After 1830 the Italian Carbonari gradually were absorbed by the Risorgimento movement; elsewhere they disappeared. |
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"Carbonari." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carbonari." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Carbonar.html "Carbonari." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Carbonar.html |
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Carbonari
Carbonari (Ital., ‘charcoal-burners’). A secret political society which emerged in Italy in the early 19th cent. They utilized Christian symbolism but rejected Divine revelation and looked to natural religion as a sufficient basis for virtue and brotherhood.
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Cite this article
E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Carbonari." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Carbonari." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Carbonari.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Carbonari." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Carbonari.html |
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