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Calgacus

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Copyright

Calgacus is the name given by Tacitus to the leader of the Caledonian confederacy at the climactic battle against the Romans under Agricola at Mons Graupius in 83/4. Calgacus appears only to give a speech inveighing against the evils of Rome and exhorting his followers to resist as last of the free Britons. It contains the famous epigram ‘ubi solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant’, ‘they create a desert and call it peace’. However, such set-piece speeches are a convention of Graeco-Roman histories; and as such we are hearing the words and thoughts of Tacitus, not Calgacus.

Alan Simon Esmonde Cleary

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JOHN CANNON. "Calgacus." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Calgacus." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Calgacus.html

JOHN CANNON. "Calgacus." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Calgacus.html

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Calgacus

A Dictionary of British History | 2004 | | Copyright

Calgacus is the name given by Tacitus to the leader of the Caledonian confederacy at the battle against the Romans under Agricola at Mons Graupius in 83/4. Calgacus appears only to give a speech exhorting his followers to resist as free Britons. It contains the famous epigram ‘ubi solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant’, ‘they create a desert and call it peace’. However, such speeches are a convention of Graeco‐Roman histories.

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JOHN CANNON. "Calgacus." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Calgacus." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Calgacus.html

JOHN CANNON. "Calgacus." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Calgacus.html

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Calgacus

A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | 2004 | | Copyright

Calgacus. Name given by Tacitus to the red-headed, sword-wielding native leader defeated by Julius Agricola at Mons Graupius in north-eastern Scotland (c. AD 78–84). Unless the name was invented by Tacitus, it is the oldest recorded for any Scotsman.

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JAMES MacKILLOP. "Calgacus." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JAMES MacKILLOP. "Calgacus." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Calgacus.html

JAMES MacKILLOP. "Calgacus." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Calgacus.html

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