Nigeria Political Geography

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. A Dictionary of World History Further reading

Bornu

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Bornu , former Muslim state, mostly in NE Nigeria, extending S and W of Lake Chad. It began its existence as a separate state in the late 14th cent. From the 14th to the 18th cent. Bornu exported slaves, eunuchs, fabrics dyed with saffron, and other goods to N Africa. Bornu reached its peak under the mai (ruler) Idris Alawma (ruled 1570-1610), when it was the leading state in the central Sudan region. Bornu declined from the 17th cent. In the early 19th cent. it was severely threatened by the Fulani but maintained its independence when Muhammad al-Kanemi (ruled 1814-35), who established a new dynasty, revived the state. However, Bornu began to decline again after c.1850 because of weak rulers, and was conquered (1893-96) by the forces of Rabih, a Sudanese slave trader. In 1898, Bornu was divided among Great Britain, France, and Germany. In 1922 the German portion became part of the British Cameroons mandate of the League of Nations.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Bornu." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Bornu." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bornu.html

"Bornu." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bornu.html

Learn more about citation styles

Bornu

A Dictionary of World History | 2000 | Copyright

Bornu See KANEM-BORNU.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Bornu." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Bornu." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Bornu.html

"Bornu." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Bornu.html

Learn more about citation styles

Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Peoples and Empires in African History: Essays in Memory of Michael Crowder. Magazine article from: The Historian; 6/22/1995
	Interview: John Hare on his expedition across the Sahara Transcript from: Morning Edition; 12/20/2002
	A forgotten past; Chris Upton explains why black history in Britain didn't... Newspaper article from: The Birmingham Post (England); 10/14/2010