Wars and Battles

A Dictionary of Contemporary World History The Oxford Companion to World War II Further reading

Blackshirts

A Dictionary of Contemporary World History | 2004 | | Copyright

Blackshirts (camicie nere) The colloquial name given to the members of Mussolini's paramilitary Squadre d'Azione (‘Action Squad’) after the black shirts of their uniform. They were founded in 1919 to fight socialist and Communist groups in the streets and disrupt their meetings, as well as to maintain law and order within the Fascist movement itself.

MVSN; Brownshirts; SA

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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Blackshirts." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JAN PALMOWSKI. "Blackshirts." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-Blackshirts.html

JAN PALMOWSKI. "Blackshirts." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-Blackshirts.html

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Blackshirts

The Oxford Companion to World War II | 2001 | | Copyright

Blackshirts, Italian Fascist militia, who wore black shirts as part of their uniform, later copied by Mosley's followers in the UK. See fascism and Italy, 5(c).

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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Blackshirts." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Blackshirts." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Blackshirts.html

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Blackshirts." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Blackshirts.html

Learn more about citation styles

Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Why do these men hate women so much?; They are members of a `men's rights'... Newspaper article from: The Mirror (London, England); 3/8/2003
	I'll fight this lot . . just like Dad fought the Blackshirts.(News) Newspaper article from: The Mirror (London, England); 10/24/2009
	Philip V. Cannistraro, Blackshirts in Little Italy: Italian Americans and... Magazine article from: Annali d'Italianistica; 1/1/2000