Nigeria Political Geography

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Bidʿa

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Bidʿa (Arab., ‘innovation’). Belief or practice for which there is no precedent in the sunna of Prophet Muḥammad. Generally speaking, bidʿa as ‘innovation’ has a bad sense, since it implies unconsidered disruption of what God has revealed and intended in Qur'ān. However, jurists such as Imām al-Shāfiʿi recognized that allowances must be made for changes in environments and other conditions, and in the development of knowledge. He therefore taught that there were good and even necessary innovations as long as they did not contradict Qur'ān, sunna, and ijmāʿ.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Bidʿa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Bidʿa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Bida.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Bidʿa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Bida.html

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Bida

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Bida , town (1991 est. pop. 111,000), W central Nigeria. It is the trade center for a rice-growing region and is noted for its fiber, glass, and metal handicrafts. In the 19th cent. Bida was the capital of an emirate of the Muslim Fulani empire centered in Sokoto .

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"Bida." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Bida." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bida.html

"Bida." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Bida.html

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