Miscellaneous U.S. Geography

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Balls Bluff

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Balls Bluff hill on the south bank of the Potomac River, near Leesburg, Va. In the Civil War, Union troops who had crossed the river were severely repulsed there on Oct. 21, 1861. Dissatisfaction with that defeat and with the general inactivity of the Union armies led to the organization of a joint congressional committee on the conduct of the war.

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