Awards

1990

Major League Baseball World Series —Cincinnati Reds (National League), 4 vs. Oakland Athletics (American League), 0

Super Bowl XXIV —San Francisco 49ers, 55 vs. Denver Broncos, 10

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Georgia Tech and Colorado, cochampions

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Ty Detmer (BYU)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Arie Luyendyk

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing —Derrike Cope

National Basketball Association Championship —Detroit Pistons, 4 vs. Portland Trailblazers, 1

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —UNLV, 103 vs. Duke, 73

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Stanford, 88, vs. Auburn, 81

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Edmonton Oilers, 4 vs. Boston Red Wings, 1

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Unbridled (Craig Perret, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship —Beth Daniel

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Hale Irwin

Masters Golf Tournament —Nick Faldo

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Pete Sampras and Gabriela Sabatini

Athletes of the Year —Joe Montana (football) and Beth Daniel (golf)

1991

Major League Baseball World Series —Minnesota Twins (American League), 4 vs. Atlanta Braves (National League), 3

Super Bowl XXV—New York Giants, 20 vs. Buffalo Bills, 19

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Miami (Florida) and Washington, cochampions

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Desmond Howard, Michigan

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing— Rick Mears

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing —Ernie Irvan

National Basketball Association Championship —Chicago Bulls, 4 vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Duke, 72 vs. Kansas, 65

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Tennessee, 70 vs. Virginia, 67 (OT)

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Pittsburgh Penguins, 4 vs. Minnesota North Stars, 2

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Strike the Gold (Chris Antley, jockey)

Ladies Professional Golf Association Championship —Meg Mallon

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Payne Stewart

Masters Golf Tournament —Ian Woosnam

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Stefan Edberg and Monica Seles

Athletes of the Year— Michael Jordan (basketball) and Monica Seles (tennis)

1992

Major League Baseball World Series —Toronto Blue Jays (American League), 4 vs. Atlanta Braves (National League), 2

Super Bowl XXVI —Washington Redskins, 37 vs. Buffalo Bills, 24

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Alabama

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Gino Toretta (Miami [Florida])

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing—AI Unser Jr.

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing —Davey Allison

National Basketball Association Championship —Chicago Bulls, 4 vs. Portland Trailblazers, 2

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Duke, 71 vs. Michigan, 51

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Stanford, 78 vs. Western Kentucky, 62

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Pittsburgh Penguins, 4 vs. Chicago Blackhawks, 0

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Lil E. Tee (Pat Day, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship- Betsy King

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Tom Kite

Masters Golf Tournament —Fred Couples

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Stefan Edberg and Monica Seles

Athletes of the Year —Michael Jordan (basketball) and Monica Seles (tennis)

1993

Major League Baseball World Series —Toronto Blue Jays (American League), 4 vs. Philadelphia Phillies (National League), 2

Super Bowl XXVII— Dallas Cowboys, 52 vs. Buffalo Bills, 17

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Florida State

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Charlie Ward (Florida State)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Emerson Fittipaldi

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing —Dale Jarrett

National Basketball Association Championship —Chicago Bulls, 4 vs. Phoenix, 2

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —North Carolina, 77 vs. Michigan, 71

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Texas Tech, 84 vs. Ohio State, 82

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Montreal Canadiens, 4 vs. Los Angeles Kings, 1

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Sea Hero (Jerry Bailey, jockey)

Ladies Professional Golf Association Championship— Patty Sheehan

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Lee Janzen

Masters Golf Tournament —Bernhard Langer

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Pete Sampras and Steffi Graf

Athletes of the Year —Michael Jordan (basketball) and Sheryl Swoopes (basketball)

1994

Major League Baseball World Series —not held

Super Bowl XXVIII— Dallas Cowboys, 30 vs. Buffalo Bills, 13

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Nebraska

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Rashaan Salaam (Colorado)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Al Unser, Jr.

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing— Sterling Marlin

National Basketball Association Championship —Houston Rockets, 4 vs. New York Knicks, 3

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Arkansas, 76 vs. Duke, 74

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —North Carolina, 60 vs. Louisiana Tech, 59

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —New York Rangers, 4 vs. Vancouver Canucks, 3

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Go For Gin (Chris McCarron, jockey)

Ladies Professional Golf Association Championship —Laura Davies

U.S. Open Golf Championship— Ernie Els

Masters Golf Tournament —Jose Maria Olazabal

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Andre Agassi and Arantxa Sanchez-Vicario

Athletes of the Year —George Foreman (boxing) and Bonnie Blair (speed skating)

1995

Major League Baseball World Series —Atlanta Braves (National League), 4 vs. Cleveland Indians (American League), 2

Super Bowl XXIX —San Francisco 49ers, 49 vs. San Diego Chargers, 26

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Nebraska

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Eddie George (Ohio State)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Jacques Villeneuve

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing— Sterling Marlin

National Basketball Association Championship —Houston Rockets, 4 vs. Orlando Magic, 0

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —UCLA, 89 vs. Arkansas, 78

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Connecticut, 70 vs. Tennessee, 64

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —New Jersey Devils, 4 vs. Detroit Red Wings, 0

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Thunder Gulch (Gary Stevens, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship— Kelly Robbins

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Corey Pavin

Masters Golf Tournament —Ben Crenshaw

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Pete Sampras and Steffi Graf

Athletes of the Year —Cal Ripken, Jr. (baseball) and Rebecca Lobo (basketball)

1996

Major League Baseball World Series —New York Yankees (American League), 4 vs. Atlanta Braves (American League), 2

Super Bowl XXX—Dallas Cowboys, 27 vs. Pittsburgh Steelers, 17

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion— Florida

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Danny Wuerffel (Florida)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Buddy Lazier

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing— Dale Jarrett

National Basketball Association Championship —Chicago Bulls, 4 vs. Seattle Supersonice, 2

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Kentucky, 76 vs. Syracuse, 67

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Tennessee, 83 vs. Georgia, 65

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Colorado Avalanche, 4 vs. Florida Panthers, 0

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Grindstone (Jerry Bailey, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship —Laura Davies

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Steve Jones

Masters Golf Tournament— Nick Faldo

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Pete Sampras and Steffi Graf

Athletes of the Year —Michael Johnson (track) and Amy Van Dyken (swimming)

1997

Major League Baseball World Series —Florida Marlins (National League), 4 vs. Cleveland Indians (American League), 3

Super Bowl XXXI —Green Bay Packers, 35 vs. New England Patriots, 21

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Michigan and Nebraska, cochampions

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Charles Woodson (Michigan)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Arie Luyendyk

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing— Jeff Gordon

National Basketball Association Championship —Chicago Bulls, 4 vs. Utah jazz, 2

Women's National Basketball Association Championhsip Game —Houston Comets, 65 vs. New York Liberty, 51

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Arizona, 84 vs. Kentucky, 79 (OT)

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Tennessee, 68 vs. Old Dominion, 59

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Detroit Red Wings, 4 vs. Philadelphia Flyers, 0

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Silver Charm (Gary Stevens, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship —Chris Johnson

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Ernie Els

Masters Golf Tournament —Tiger Woods

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Patrick Rafter and Martina Hingis

Athletes of the Year— Tiger Woods (golf) and Martina Hingis (tennis)

1998

Major League Baseball World Series— New York Yankees (American League), 4 vs. San Diego Padres (National League), 0

Super Bowl XXXII —Denver Broncos, 31 vs. Green Bay Packers, 24

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Tennessee

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football— Ricky Williams (Texas)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Eddie Cheever Jr.

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing —Dale Earnhardt

National Basketball Association Championship —Chicago Bulls, 4 vs. Utah Jazz, 2

Women's National Basketball Association Championship—Houston Comets, 2 vs. Phoenix Mercury, 1

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Kentucky, 78 vs. Utah, 69

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Tennessee, 93 vs. Louisiana Tech, 75

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Detroit Red Wings, 4 vs. Washington Capitals, 0

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Real Quiet (Kent Desormeaux, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship— Se Ri Pak

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Lee Janzen

Masters Golf Tournament —Mark O'Meara

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Patrick Rafter and Lindsay Davenport

Athletes of the Year —Mark McGwire (baseball) and Se Ri Pak (golf)

1999

Major League Baseball World Series —New York Yankees (American League), 4 vs. Atlanta Braves (National League), 0

Super Bowl XXXIII— Denver Broncos, 34 vs. Atlanta Falcons, 19

National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Champion —Florida State

Heisman Trophy, Collegiate Football —Ron Dayne (Wisconsin)

Indianapolis 500, Automobile Racing —Kenny Brack

Daytona 500, Automobile Racing —Jeff Gordon

National Basketball Association Championship —San Antonio Spurs, 4 vs. New York Knicks, 1

Women's National Basketball Association Champion-ship —Houston Comets, 2 vs. New York Liberty, 1

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Men —Connecticut, 77 vs. Duke, 74

National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Champion, Women —Purdue, 62 vs. Duke, 45

National Hockey League Stanley Cup —Dallas Stars, 4 vs. Buffalo Sabres, 2

Kentucky Derby, Horse Racing —Charismatic (Chris Antley, jockey)

Ladies' Professional Golf Association Championship— Juli Inkster

U.S. Open Golf Championship —Payne Stewart

Masters Golf Tournament —J. M. Olazabal

U.S. Open Tennis Tournament —Andre Agassi and Serena Williams

Athletes of the Year —Tiger Woods (golf) and Team USA (soccer)

Awards

Emmy Awards

1990

Outstanding Drama Series: L.A. Law (NBC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Murphy Brown (CBS)

Outstanding Variety Series: In Living Color (FOX)

1991

Outstanding Drama Series: L.A. Law (NBC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Cheers (NBC)

1992

Outstanding Drama Series: Northern Exposure (CBS)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Murphy Brown (CBS)

Outstanding Variety Series: The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (NBC)

1993

Outstanding Drama Series: Picket Fences (CBS)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Seinfeld (NBC)

Outstanding Variety Series: Saturday Night Live (NBC)

1994

Outstanding Drama Series: Picket Fences (CBS)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Frasier (NBC)

Outstanding Variety Series: Late Show with David Letterman (CBS)

1995

Outstanding Drama Series: NYPD Blue (ABC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Frasier (NBC)

Outstanding Variety Series: The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (NBC)

1996

Outstanding Drama Series: ER (NBC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Frasier (NBC)

Outstanding Variety Series: Dennis Miller Live (HBO)

1997

Outstanding Drama Series: Law & Order (NBC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Frasier (NBC)

Outstanding Variety Series: Tracey Takes On … (HBO)

1998

Outstanding Drama Series: The Practice (ABC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Frasier (NBC)

Outstanding Variety Series: Late Show with David Letterman (CBS)

1999

Outstanding Drama Series: The Practice (ABC)

Outstanding Comedy Series: Ally McBeal (FOX)

Outstanding Variety Series: Late Show with David Letterman (CBS)

Pulitzer Prizes for Journalism

1990

Public Service: The Washington (N.C.) Daily News. For revealing that the city water supply was contaminated with carcinogens, a problem that local officials neither disclosed nor corrected over a period of eight years.

The Philadelphia Inquirer. For reporting by Gilbert M. Gaul that disclosed how the American blood industry operates with little government regulation or supervision.

General News Reporting: The Staff, San Jose (Cal.) Mercury News. For its detailed coverage of the 17 October 1989 Bay Area earthquake and its aftermath.

National Reporting: Ross Anderson, Bill Dietrich, Mary Ann Gwinn, and Eric Nalder, The Seattle Times. For coverage of the Exxon Valdez oil spill and its aftermath.

International Reporting: Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl Wu Dunn, The New York Times. For knowledgeable reporting from China on the mass movement tor democracy and its subsequent suppression.

Editorial Writing: Thomas J. Hylton, The Pottstown (Pa.) Mercury. For his editorials about a local bond issue for the preservation of farmland and other open space in rural Pennsylvania.

Editorial Cartooning: Tom Toles, The Buffalo News. For his work during the year as exemplified by the cartoon "First Amendment."

1991

Public Service: The Des Moines Register. For reporting by Jane Schorer that, with the victim's consent, named a woman who had been raped—which prompted wide-spread reconsideration of the traditional media practice of concealing the identity of rape victims.

Spot News Reporting: The Staff, The Miami Herald. For stories profiling a local cult leader, his followers, and their links to several area murders.

National Reporting: Marjie Lundstrom and Rocheile Sharpe, Gannett News Service. For reporting that disclosed hundreds of child-abuse-related deaths undetected each year as a result of errors by medical examiners.

International Reporting: Serge Schmemann, The New York Times. For his coverage of the reunification of Germany.

Caryle Murphy, The Washington Post. For her dispatches from occupied Kuwait, some of which she filed while in hiding from Iraqi authorities.

Editorial Writing: Ron Casey, Harold Jackson, and Joey Kennedy, The Birmingham (Ala.) News. For their editorial campaign analyzing inequities in Alabama's tax system and proposing needed reforms.

Editorial Cartooning: Jim Borgman, The Cincinnati Enquirer.

1992

Public Service: The Sacramento (Cal.) Bee. For "The Sierra in Peril," reporting by Tom Knudson that examined environmental threats and damage to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California.

Spot News Reporting: The Staff, New York Newsday. For coverage of a midnight subway derailment in Manhattan that left five passengers dead and more than two hundred people injured.

National Reporting: Jeff Taylor and Mike McGraw, The Kansas City Star. For their critical examination of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

International Reporting: Patrick J. Sloyan, Newsday, Long Island, N.Y. For his reporting on the Persian Gulf War, conducted after the war was over, which revealed new details of American battlefield tactics and "friendly fire" incidents.

Editorial Writing: Maria Henson, Lexington (Ky.) Herald-Leader. For her editorials about battered women in Kentucky, which focused statewide attention on the problem and prompted significant reforms.

Editorial Cartooning: Signe Wilkinson, Philadelphia Daily News.

1993

Public Service: The Miami Herald. For coverage that not only helped readers cope with Hurricane Andrew's devastation but also showed how lax zoning, inspection, and building codes had contributed to the destruction.

Spot News Reporting: The Staff, Los Angeles Times. For balanced, comprehensive, penetrating coverage under deadline pressure of the second, most destructive day of the Los Angeles riots.

National Reporting: David Maraniss, The Washington Post. For his revealing articles on the life and political record of candidate Bill Clinton.

International Reporting: John F. Burns, The New York Times. For his courageous and thorough coverage of the destruction of Sarajevo and the barbarous killings in the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Roy Gutman, Newsday, Long Island, N.Y. For his courageous and persistent reporting that disclosed atrocities and other human rights violations in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Editorial Writing: No Award

Editorial Cartooning: Stephen R. Benson, The Arizona Republic.

1994

Public Service: Akron Beacon Journal. For its broad examination of local racial attitudes and its subsequent effort to promote improved communication in the community.

Spot News Reporting: The Staff, The New York Times. For its comprehensive coverage of the bombing of Manhattan's World Trade Center.

National Reporting: Eileen Welsome, The Albuquerque Tribune. For stories that related the experiences of Americans who had been used unknowingly in government radiation experiments nearly fifty years ago.

International Reporting: The Dallas Morning News team, The Dallas Morning News. For its series examining the epidemic of violence against women in many nations.

Editorial Writing: R. Bruce Dold, Chicago Tribune. For his series of editorials deploring the murder of a three-year-old boy by his abusive mother and decrying the Illinois child welfare system.

Editorial Cartooning: Michael P. Ramirez, The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. For his trenchant cartoons on contemporary issues.

1995

Public Service: The Virgin Islands Daily News, St. Thomas. For its disclosure of the links between the region's rampant crime rate and corruption in the local criminal justice system. The reporting, largely the work of Melvin Claxton, initiated political reforms.

Spot News Reporting: The Staff, Los Angeles Times. For its reporting, on 17 January 1994, of the chaos and devastation in the aftermath of the Northridge earth-quake.

National Reporting: Tony Horwitz, The Wall Street Journal. For stories about working conditions in low-wage America.

International Reporting: Mark Fritz, Associated Press. For his reporting on the ethnic violence and slaughter in Rwanda.

Editorial Writing: Jeffrey Good, St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times. For his editorial campaign urging reform of Florida's probate system for settling estates.

Editorial Cartooning: Mike Luckovich, The Atlanta Constitution.

1996

Public Service: The News & Observer, Raleigh, N.C. For the work of Melanie Sill, Pat Stith, and Joby Warrick on the environmental and health risks of waste disposal systems used in North Carolina's growing hog industry.

Spot News Reporting: Robert D. McFadden, The New York Times. For his highly skilled writing and reporting on deadline during the year.

National Reporting: Alix M. Freedman, The Wall Street Journal. For her coverage of the tobacco industry, including a report that exposed how ammonia additives heighten nicotine potency.

International Reporting: David Rohde, The Christian Science Monitor. For his persistent on-site reporting of the massacre of thousands of Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica.

Editorial Writing: Robert B. Semple Jr., The New York Times. For his editorials on environmental issues.

Editorial Cartooning: Jim Morin, The Miami Herald.

1997

Public Service: The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, La. For its comprehensive series analyzing the conditions that threaten the world's supply offish.

Spot News: Staff of Newsday, Long Island, N.Y. For its enterprising coverage of the crash of TWA Flight 800 and its aftermath.

National Reporting: Staff of The Wall Street Journal. For its coverage of the struggle against AIDS in all of its aspects, the human, the scientific, and the business, in light of promising treatments for the disease.

International Reporting: John F. Burns of The New York Times. For his courageous and insightful coverage of the harrowing regime imposed on Afghanistan by the Taliban.

Editorial Writing: Michael Gartner of The Daily Tribune, Ames, Iowa. For his commonsense editorials about issues deeply affecting the lives of people in his community.

Editorial Cartooning: Walt Handelsman of The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, La.

1998

Public Service: Grand Forks (N.D.) Herald. For its sustained and informative coverage, vividly illustrated with photographs, that helped hold its community together in the wake of flooding, a blizzard, and fire that devastated much of the city, including the newspaper plant itself.

Breaking News Reporting: Los Angeles Times Staff. For its comprehensive coverage of a botched bank robbery and subsequent police shoot-out in North Hollywood.

National Reporting: Russell Carollo and Jeff Nesmith of the Dayton Daily News. For their reporting that disclosed dangerous flaws and mismanagement in the military health care system, and prompted reforms.

International Reporting: The New York Times Staff. For its revealing series that profiled the corrosive effects of drug corruption in Mexico.

Editorial Writing: Bernard L. Stein of The Riverdale (N.Y.) Press. For his gracefully written editorials on politics and other issues affecting New York City residents.

Editorial Cartooning: Stephen P. Breen of the Asbury Park Press, Neptune, N.J.

1999

Public Service: The Washington Post For its series that identified and analyzed patterns of reckless gunplay by city police officers who had little training or supervision.

Breaking News Reporting: The Hartford Courant Staff. For its clear and detailed coverage of a shooting rampage in which a state lottery worker killed four supervisors then himself.

National Reporting: The New York Times Staff. For a series of articles that disclosed the corporate sale of American technology to China, with U.S. government approval despite national security risks, prompting investigations and significant changes in policy.

International Reporting: The Wall Street Journal Staff. For its in-depth, analytical coverage of the Russian financial crisis.

Editorial Writing: Editorial Board of the Daily News, New York, N.Y. For its effective campaign to rescue Harlem's Apollo Theatre from the financial mismanagement that threatened the landmark's survival.

Editorial Cartooning: David Horsey of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer.

Awards

Nobel Prize Winners in Medicine or
Physiology

1990

Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas for their studies concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease.

1991

No American Winner

1992

Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.

1993

Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp for their discoveries of split genes.

1994

Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.

1995

Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Niisslein-Volhard (Germany), and Eric F. Wieschaus for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development.

1996

No American Winner

1997

Stanley B. Prusiner for his discovery of prions—a new biological principle of infection.

1998

Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system.

1999

Giinter Blobel for discovering how proteins get shipped to their proper destinations within the body after being manufactured within cells.

Albert Lasker Awards

The Albert Lasker Awards are given in honor of medical research or public service of a pioneering nature.

1991

Edward B. Lewis for fundamental research on the Bithorax Complex, which established the role of homeotic genes in the development of cell patterns and provided a foundation for current studies of embryonic development. Christiane Niisslein-Vol-hard (Germany) for charting new paths in developmental biology through investigations that led to the discovery of nearly all genes responsible for organizing basic body patters.

1992

No award

1993

Giinter Blobel for landmark discoveries concerning the processes by which intercellular proteins are targeted across cell membranes.

1994

Stanley B. Prusiner for landmark revolutionary work that established the existence of an entirely new class of infectious agents, and which opened new understanding of the pathogenesis of several baffling neurodegenerative diseases.

1995

Peter C. Doherty (Australia) for the epochal discovery of MHC Restriction of T-cell Recognition and the Single T-cell receptor Altered-Self Hypothesis. Jack L. Strominger for pioneering the isolation of and solution to the structures of Class I and Class II MHC proteins and their peptide complexes. Emil R. Unanue for seminal discoveries in antigen processing and MHC-pep-tide binding which deciphered the biochemical basis of T-cell recognition. Don C. Wiley for visualizing the three-dimensional structures of Class I and Class II proteins and their complexes with antigens and super-antigens. Rolf M. Zinkernagal for the landmark discovery of MHC Restriction of T-cell Recognition, and the Altered-Self Hypothesis.

1996

Robert F. Furchgott for the landmark discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), now known to be nitric oxide. Ferid Murad for ingenious elucidation of the cyclic GMP signaling pathway of nitric oxide and for essential discoveries that led to establishing the link between the endothelium-derived relaxing factor and nitric oxide.

1997

Mark S. Ptashne for elegant and incisive discoveries leading to the understanding of how regulatory proteins control the transcription of genes.

1998

Lee Hartwell, Paul Nurse (England), and Yoshio Masui (Canada) for pioneering genetic and molecular studies that revealed the universal machinery for regulating cell division in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts, to frogs, to human beings.

1999

Clay M. Armstrong, Bertile Hille, and Roderick MacMinnon for elucidating the functional and structural architecture of ion channel proteins, which govern the electrical potential of membranes throughout nature, thereby generating nerve impulses and controlling muscle contraction, cardiac rhythm, and hormone secretion.

Clinical Medical Research Awards

1990

No award

1991

Yuet Wai Kan for his pivotal contributions to the development of human genetics, most importantly in the area of the hemoglobinopathies using recombinant DNA technology.

1993

Donald Metcalf for his outstanding discovery of the colony-stimulating factors, two of which are widely used to treat patients with cancer and disease of blood cell formation.

1994

John Allen Clements for his brilliant studies defining and describing the role of pulmonary surfactant and in developing a life-saving artificial surfactant now used in premature infants around the world.

1995

Barry J. Marshall for the visionary discovery that Helkobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease.

1996

Porter Warren Anderson Jr. for groundbreaking work in the development and commercialization of the Hemophilus influenza type b vaccine. David H. Smith for visionary leadership in bringing the life-saving Hemophilus influenza type b vaccine to the world market. John B. Robbins for bold and imaginative leadership in developing polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Hemophilus influenza type b. Rachael Schneerson for pioneering discoveries in vaccines leading to the eradication of Hemophilus influenza type b, typhoid, and pneumococcus.

1997

Alfred Sommer for the understanding and demonstration that low-dose vitamin A supplementation in millions of third-world children can prevent death from infectious diseases, as well as blindness.

1998

Alfred G. Knudson Jr., Peter C. Nowell, and Janet D. Rowley for incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level.

1999

David W. Cushman and Miguel A. Ondetti for developing an innovative approach to drug design based on protein structure and using it to create the ACE inhibitors, powerful oral agents for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease.

Public Service Awards

1991

Robin Chandler Duke for her dedicated efforts to enhance the lives of the worldwide community through family planning and population control. Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. for his tireless dedication to increasing the nation's commitment to biomedical research, and a lifetime of public advocacy for the disadvantaged.

1993

Paul G. Rogers for tireless leadership in advancing the cause of American health care through his initiatives both as a legislator and as a private citizen. Nancy S. Wexler for her ground-breaking work in the scientific community toward finding a cure for Huntington's disease and for increasing awareness of all genetic disease.

1995

Mark O. Hatfield for energetic leadership and enduring advocacy in support of biomedical research.

Special Achievement in Medical Science

1994

Maclyn McCarty for his seminal and historic investigation which revealed that DNA is the chemical substance of heredity and for ushering in a new era of contemporary genetics.

1996

Paul C. Zamecnik for brilliant and original science that revolutionized biochemistry and spawned new avenues of scientific inquiry.

1997

Victor A. McKusick for a lifetime career as founder of the discipline of clinical genetics.

1998

Daniel E. Koshland Jr. for his accomplishments on diverse fronts as a visionary biochemist, tireless institution-builder, and eloquent public communicator.

1999

Seymour S. Kety for a lifetime of contributions to neuroscience, including discovery of methods for measuring cerebral blood flow that led to current brain imaging techniques, studies of adopted individuals with schizophrenia that established the importance of genetics in causing the disease, and visionary leadership in mental health that ushered psychiatry into the molecular era.

General Motors Cancer Research
Foundation Awards

The Charles F. Kettering Medal

Awarded for outstanding contributions to the diagnosis or treatment of cancer.

1990—Sir David Cox

1991—Victor Ling

1992—Lawrence H. Einhorn

1993—Gianni Bonadonna—Bernard Fisher

1994—Laurent Degos—Wang Zhen-Yi

1995—Norbert Brock

1996—Malcolm A. Bagshaw—Patrick C.Walsh

1997—Herman D. Suit

1998—H. Rodney Withers

1999—Ronald Levy

Charles S.Mott Prize

For the most outstanding recent contribution related to cause or ultimate prevention of cancer.

1990—Webster K. Cavennee—Raymond L. White

1991—Peter K. Vogt

1992—Brian MacMahon

1993—Carlo M. Croce

1994—Tony Hunter

1995—Frederick P. Li—Joseph F. Fraumeni

1996—Paul L. Modrich—Richard D. Kolodner

1997—M. Judith Folkman

1998—Suzanne Cory—Stanley J. Korsmeyer

1999—Arnold J. Levine

Alfred P. Sloan Prize

Awarded for the most outstanding contribution to basic science research related to cancer.

1990—Mark S. Ptashne

1991—Leland H. Hartwell

1992—Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

1993—Hidesaburo Hanafusa

1994—Mario R. Capecchi—Oliver Smithies

1995—Edward E. Harlow Jr.

1996—Mark M.Davis—TakW.Mak

1997—Paul M. Nurse

1998—H.Robert Horvitz—Robert G. Roeder—Robert Tjian

1999—Robert G. Roedner

American Medical Association
Distinguished Service Awards

Honors a member of the association for general meritorious service.

1990—Clarence S, Livingood—Johm M. Smith Jr.

1991—W. Montague Cobb—John Henry Burkhart

1992—John W. Eckstein

1993—John J. Connley—Seymour E Ochsner

1994—Henry P. Pendergrass

1995—Charles A. LeMaistre—Theodore Englas Woodward

1996—William R. Felts

1997—Oavid B. Carmichael—Denton A. Cooley

1998—Jack Perry Strong

1999—Luther W. Bradv

Awards

Pulitzer Prizes

1990

Fiction: The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love, by Oscar Hijuelos

Drama: The Piano Lesson, by August Wilson

Poetry: The World Doesn't End, by Charles Simic

Music: Duplicates: A Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra,,by Mel Powell

1991

Fiction: Rabbit at Rest, by John Updike

Drama: Lost in Yonkers, by Neil Simon

Poetry: Near Changes, by Mona Van Duyn

Music: Symphony, by Shulamit Ran

1992

Fiction: A Thousand Acres, by Jane Smiley

Drama: The Kentucky Cycle, by Robert Schenkkan

Poetry: Selected Poems, by James Tate

Music: The Face of the Night, The Heart of the Dark, by Wayne Peterson

1993

Fiction: A Good Scent From a Strange Mountain, by Robert Olen Butler

Drama: Angels In America: Millennium Approaches, by Tony Kushner

Poetry: The Wild Iris, by Louise Gluck

Music: Trombone Concerto, by Christopher Rouse

1994

Fiction: The Shipping News, by E. Annie Proulx

Drama: Three Tall Women, by Edward Albee

Poetry: Neon Vernacular, by Yusef Komunyakaa

Music: Of Reminiscences and Refections, by Gunther Schuller

1995

Fiction: The Stone Diaries, by Carol Shields

Drama: The Young Man from Atlanta, by Horton Foote

Poetry: The Simple Truth, by Philip Levine

Music: Stringmusic, by Morton Gould

1996

Fiction: Independence Day, by Richard Ford

Drama: Rent, by Jonathan Larson

Poetry: The Dream of the Unified Field,by jorie Graham

Music: Lilacs, by George Walker

1997

Fiction: Martin Dressier: The Tale of an American Dreamer,by Steven Millhauser

Drama: (No Award)

Poetry: Alive Together: New and Selected Poems, by Lisa Mueller

Music: Blood on the Fields, by Wynton Marsalis

1998

Fiction: American Pastoral, by Philip Roth

Drama: How I Learned to Drive, by Paula Vogel

Poetry: Black Zodiac, by Charles Wright

Music: String Quartet No. 2, Musica Instrumentalis, by Aaron Jay Kernis

1999

Fiction: The Hours, by Michael Cunningham

Drama: Wit, by Margaret Edison

Poetry: Blizzard of One, by Mark Strand

Music: Concerto for Flute, Strings, and Percussion, by Melinda Wagner

Antoinette Perry Awards (Tonys)

1990

Play: The Grapes of Wrath, by Frank Galati

Actor: Robert Morse, Tru

Actress, Dramatic Star: Maggie Smith , Lettice and Lovage

Musical: City of Angels, produced by Nick Vanoff, Roger Berlind, Jujamcyn Theaters, Suntory International Corp., and The Shubert Organization

Actor, Musical Star: James Naughton, City of Angels

Actress, Musical Star: Tyne Daly, Gypsy

1991

Play: Lost in Yonkers, by Neil Simon

Actor, Dramatic Star: Nigel Hawthorne, Shadowlands

Actress, Dramatic Star: Mercedes Ruehl, Lost in Yonkers

Musical: The Will Rogers Follies, produced by Pierre Cossette, Martin Richards, Sam Crothers, James M. Nederlander, Stewart R Lane, Max Weitzenhoffer, and Japan Satellite Broadcasting, Inc.

Actor, Musical Star: Jonathan Pryce, Miss Saigon

Actress, Musical Star: Lea Salonga, Miss Saigon

1992

Play: Dancing at Lughnasa, by Brian Friel

Actor, Dramatic Star: Judd Hirsch, Conversations With My Father

Actress, Dramatic Star: Glenn Close, Death and the Maiden

Musical: Crazy for You, by George and Ira Gershwin

Actor, Musical Star: Gregory Jelly's Last Jam

Actress, Musical Star: Faith Prince, Guys and Dolls)

1993

Play: Angels in America: Millennium Approaches, by Tony Kushner

Actor, Dramatic Star: Ron Leibman, Angels in America: Millennium Approaches

Actress, Dramatic Star: Madeline Kahn, The Sisters Rosensweig

Musical: Kiss of the Spider Woman: The Musical, produced by the Live Entertainment Corp. of Canada/Garth Drabinsky

Actor, Musical Star: Brent Carver, Kiss of the Spider Woman—The Musical

Actress, Musical Star: Chitons Rivera, Kiss of the Spider Woman—The Musical

1994

Play: Angels in America: Perestroika, by Tony Kushner

Actor, Dramatic Star: Stephen Spinella, Angels in America: Perestroika

Actress, Dramatic Star: Diana Rigg, Medea

Musical: Passion, produced by The Shubert Organization, Capital Cities/ABC, Roger Berlind, and Scott Rudin

Actor, Musical Star: Boyd Gaines, She Loves Me

Actress, Musical Star: Donna Murphy, Passion

1995

Play: Love! Valour! Compassion! by Terrence McNally

Actor, Dramatic Star: Ralph Fiennes, Hamlet

Actress, Dramatic Star: Cherry Jones, The Heiress

Musical: Sunset Boulevard, produced by The Really Useful Company

Actor, Musical Star: Matthew Broderick, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying!

Actress, Musical Star: Glenn Close, Sunset Boulevard

1996

Play: Master Class, by Terrence McNally

Actor, Dramatic Star: George Grizzard, A Delicate Balance

Actress, Dramatic Star: Zoe Caldwell, Master Class

Musical: Rent, produced by Jeffrey Seller, Kevin MeCollum, Allan S. Gordon, and The New York Theatre Workshop

Actor, Musical Star: Nathan Lane, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum

Actress, Musical Star: Donna Murphy, The King and I

1997

Play: Last Night of Ballyhoo, by Alfred Uhry

Actor, Dramatic Star: Christopher Plummer, Barrymore

Actress, Dramatic Star: Janet McTeer, A Doll's House

Musical: Titanic, produced by Dodger Endemol Theatricals, Richard S. Pechter, and The John F. Kennedy Center

Actor, Musical Star: James Naughton, Chicago

Actress, Musical Star: Bebe Neuwirth, Chicago

1998

Play: Art, by Yasmina Reza

Actor, Dramatic Star: Anthony LaPaglia, A View From the Bridge

Actress, Dramatic Star: Marie Mullen, The Beauty Queen of Leenane

Musical: The Lion King, produced by Disney

Actor, Musical Star: Alan Cumming, Cabaret

Actress, Musical Star: Natasha Richardson, Cabaret

1999

Play: Side Man, by Warren Leight

Actor, Dramatic Star: Brian Dennehy, Death of a Salesman

Actress, Dramatic Star: Judi Dench, Amy's View

Musical: Fosse, produced by Livent (U.S.) Inc.

Actor, Musical Star: Martin Short, Little Me

Actress, Musical Star: Bernadette Peters, Annie Get Your Gun

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences Awards (Oscars)

1990

Actor: Jeremy Irons, Reversal of Fortune

Actress: Kathy Bates, Misery

Director: Kevin Costner, Dances With Wolves

Picture: Dances With Wolves

1991

Actor: Anthony Hopkins, The Silence of the Lambs

Actress: Jodie Foster, The Silence of the Lambs

Director: Jonathan Demme, The Silence of the Lambs

Picture: The Silence of the Lambs

1992

Actor: Al Pacino, Scent of a Woman

Actress: Emma Thompson, Howards End

Director: Clint Eastwood, Unforgiven

Picture: Unforgiven

1993

Actor: Tom Hanks, Philadelphia

Actress: Holly Hunter, The Piano

Director: Steven Spielberg, Schindlers List

Picture: Schindlers List

1994

Actor: Tom Hanks, Forrest Gump

Actress: Jessica Lange, Blue Sky

Director: Robert Zemeckis, Forrest Gump

Picture: Forrest Gump

1995

Actor: Nicolas Cage, Leaving Las Vegas

Actress: Susan Sarandon, Dead Man Walking

Director: Mel Gibson, Braveheart

Picture: Braveheart

1996

Actor: Geoffrey Rush, Shine

Actress: Frances McDormand, Fargo

Director: Anthony Minghella, The English Patient

Picture: The English Patient

1997

Actor: Jack Nicholson, As Good As It Gets

Actress: Helen Hunt, As Good As It Gets

Director: James Cameron, Titanic

Picture: Titanic

1998

Actor: Roberto Benigni, Life is Beautiful

Actress: Gwyneth Paltrow, Shakespeare in Love

Director: Steven Spielberg, Saving Private Ryan

Picture: Shakespeare in Love

1999

Actor: Kevin Spacey, American Beauty

Actress: Hilary Swank, Boys Dont Cry

Director: Sam Mendes, American Beauty

Picture: American Beauty

The National Academy of Recording
Arts & Sciences Awards
(Grammy Awards)

1990

Record: Phil Collins, "Another Day in Paradise"

Album: Quincy Jones, Back on the Block

1991

Record: Natalie Cole with Nat King Cole, "Unforgettable"

Album: Natalie Cole, Unforgettable

1992

Record: Eric Clapton, "Tears in Heaven"

Album: Eric Clapton, Eric Clapton Unplugged

1993

Record: Whitney Houston, "I Will Always Love You"

Album: Whitney Houston, The Bodyguard (soundtrack)

1994

Record: Sheryl Crow, "All I Wanna Do"

Album: Tony Bennett, Tony Bennett MTV Unplugged

1995

Record: Seal, "Kiss From a Rose"

Album: Alanis Morissette, Jagged Little Pill

1996

Record: Eric Clapton, "Change the World"

Album: Celine Dion, Falling Into You

1997

Record: Shawn Colvin, "Sunny Came Home"

Album: Bob Dylan, Time Out of Mind

1998

Record: Celine Dion, "My Heart Will Go On"

Album: Lauryn Hill, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill

1999

Record: Santana featuring Rob Thomas, "Smooth"

Album: Santana, Supernatural

Awards

Council of Fashion Designersof America

1990

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Donna Karan

Menswear Designer of the Year: Joseph Abboud

Perry Ellis Award: Christian Francis Roth

1991

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Isaac Mizrahi

Menswear Designer of the Year: Roger Forsythe

Perry Ellis Award: Todd Oldham

1992

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Marc Jacobs

Menswear Designer of the Year: Donna Karan

Perry Ellis Award: Anna Sui

1993

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Calvin Klein

Menswear Designer of the Year: Calvin Klein

Perry Ellis Award for Womenswear: Richard Tyler

Perry Ellis Award for Menswear: John Bartlett

1994

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Richard Tyler Perry Ellis Award for Womenswear: Victor Alfaro and Cynthia Rowley (tie)

Perry Ellis Award for Menswear: Robert Freda

1995

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Ralph Lauren

Menswear Designer of the Year: Tommy Hilfiger

Perry Ellis Award for Womenswear: Marie-Anne Oudejans for Tocca

Perry Ellis Award for Menswear: Richard Tyler/Richard Bengtsson and Edward Pavlick for Richard Edwards (tie)

1996

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Donna Karan

Menswear Designer of the Year: Ralph Lauren

Perry Ellis Award for Womenswear: Daryl Kerrigan for Daryl K.

Perry Ellis Award for Menswear: Gene Meyer

1997

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Marc Jacobs

Menswear Designer of the Year: John Bartlett

Perry Ellis Award for Womenswear: Narciso Rodriguez

Perry Ellis Menswear Award Nominees: Sandy Dalai

1998/1999

Womenswear Designer of the Year: Michael Kors

Menswear Designer of the Year: Calvin Klein

Perry Ellis Award for Womenswear: Josh Patner and Bryan Bradley for Tuleh

Perry Ellis Award for Menswear: Matt Nye

American Institute of Architects

AIA Gold Medal (The Board of Directors recognizes distinguished service to the architectural profession.)

1990—E. Fay Jones

1991—Charles W. Moore

1992—Benjamin Thompson

1993—Thomas Jefferson (honored posthumously); Kevin Roche

1994—Sir Norman Foster

1995—Cesar Pelli

1996—No Winner

1997—Richard Meier

1998—No Winner

1999—Frank O. Gehry

American Society of Interior Designers

ASID Designer of Distinction Award (Recognizes an ASID interior designer who has made outstanding contributions toward achieving the organization's goal of design excellence.)

1990—No winner

1991—No winner

1992—No winner

1993—No winner

1994—Charles D. Gandy

1995—Andrew Staffelbach

1996—Joseph Minton

1997—Phyllis Martin-Vegue

1998—Janet Schirn

1999—Gary E. Wheeler

ASID Design for Humanity Award (Bestowed upon an individual or institution that has made a significant contribution toward improving the quality of the human environment through design-related activities.)

1990—The Scavenger Hotline

1991—E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company

1992—The Preservation Resource Center

1993—Neighborhood Design Center

1994—Elizabeth Paepcke & The International Design Conference in Aspen

1995—Cranbrook Academy of Art

1996—Wayne Ruga and the Center for Health Design

1997—Barbara J. Campbell, Accessibility Guidebook For Washington, D.C.

1998—Wm. L. Wilkoff, FASID, District Design

1999—AlliedSignal, Inc.-Polymers Division

Motor Trend Car of the Year

1990—Lincoln Town Car

1991—Chevrolet Caprice Classic LTZ

1992—Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan

1993—Ford Probe GT

1994—Ford Mustang

1995—Chrysler Cirrus

1996—Dodge Caravan

1997—Chevrolet Malibu

1998—Chevrolet Corvette

1999—Chrysler 300M

Awards

Nobel Prizes:

Physics:

1990: Jointly to Jerome I. Freidman, Henry W. Kendall, and Canadian Richard E. Taylor for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.

1991: No American winner.

1992: No American winner.

1993: Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr. for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.

1994: For pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter, Canadian Bertram N. Brockhouse for the development of neutron spectroscopy, and Clifford G. Shull for the development of the neutron diffraction technique.

1995: For pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, Martin L. Perl for the discovery of the tau lepton, and Frederick Reines, for the detection of the neutrino.

1996: David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, and Robert C. Richardson for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.

1997: Americans Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of France, for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.

1998: Robert B. Laughlin, Daniel C. Tsui, and German Horst L. Störmer, for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.

1999: No American winner.

Chemistry:

1990: Elias James Corey for development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis.

1991: No American winner.

1992: Rudolph A. Marcus for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems.

1993: For contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry, Kary B. Mullis for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and Canadian Michael Smith for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenisis and its development for protein studies.

1994: George A. Olah for his contribution to carbocation chemistry.

1995: Americans Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Row-land, and Paul J. Crutzen of the Netherlands, for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.

1996: Americans Robert F. Curl Jr. and Richard E. Smalley, and Sir Harold W. Kroto of Great Britain, for their discovery of fullerenes.

1997: Americans Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker, of Great Britain, for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and Jens C. Skou of Denmark for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-, ATPase.

1998: For pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved, Walter Kohn for his development of the density-functional theory, and John A. Pople, of Great Britain, for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry.

1999: Ahmed H. Zewail for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy.

Awards

Templeton Prize for Progress
in Religion

Awarded since 1972 to a living person who has shown "extraordinary originality in advancing humankind's understanding of God and/or spirituality."

1990 L. Charles Birch, scholar at several U.S. universities, researcher of science and faith

1991 no American winner

1992 no American winner

1993 Charles W. Colson, founder of Prison Fellowship International

1994 Michael Novak, religious philosopher

1995 no American winner

1996 William R. "Bill" Bright, founder of Campus Crusade for Christ

1997 no American winner

1998 no American winner 1999

Ian Barbour, scholar of science and religion

Grawemeyer Award in Religion

Awarded annually since 1990, the Award honors "ideas rather than lifelong or personal achievement." Thus winners are listed with the book for which they were recognized.

1990 E. P. Sanders, Jesus and Judaism (1985)

1991 John Harwood Hick, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent (1989)

1992 Ralph Harper, On Presence: Variations and Reflections (1991)

1993 Elizabeth A. Johnson, She Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse (1992)

1994 Stephen L. Carter, The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion (1993)

1995 Diana L. Eck, Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras (1993)

1996 no award

1997 Larry Rasmussen, Earth Community, Earth Ethics (1996)

1998 Charles Marsh, God's Long Summer: Stories of Faith and Civil Rights (1997)

1999 no award