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Fugard, Athol
Fugard, Athol (1932– ), South African playwright, born in Middlesburg, the son of a shop keeper; he was brought up in Port Elizabeth and educated at Cape Town University. After various jobs he moved to Johannesburg, where he worked for some time as clerk to the Native Commissioner's Court, an experience which greatly sharpened his awareness of racial tension and inequality, the subject of much of his drama.
His plays include The Blood Knot (1961, pub. 1963); Boesman and Lena (1968, pub. 1969), a sombre work figuring a derelict middle-aged couple of Coloured migrant workers, whose presence as they set up their shelter on the open stage has a symbolic quality akin to that of the characters of Beckett; Sizwe Bansi is Dead (1972, pub. 1974, written with John Kani and Winston Ntshona), based on the problems created by the pass laws; A Lesson from Aloes (1980, pub. 1981); and ‘Master Harold’…and the Boys (1982, pub. 1983), portraying the relationship between a white South African teenager and two black family servants, ‘the boys’. |
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Cite this article
MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Fugard, Athol." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Fugard, Athol." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-FugardAthol.html MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Fugard, Athol." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-FugardAthol.html |
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Atholl
Atholl, Athole, Athol [ScG, the ford of Fódla]. In ancient times Atholl was one of the four Pictish kingdoms, roughly equivalent with what was until 1974 Perthshire, now north-west Tayside. On the modern map Atholl is a mountainous, forested area at the south end of the Grampian mountains. The land is generally uncultivatable, but it has an extensive deer forest. Many Scotsmen perceive Atholl as a kind of impenetrable interior or ‘heartland’ of the Highlands.
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Cite this article
JAMES MacKILLOP. "Atholl." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAMES MacKILLOP. "Atholl." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Atholl.html JAMES MacKILLOP. "Atholl." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Atholl.html |
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Atholl
Atholl ♂, ♀ Transferred use of the Scottish place name, a district of Perthshire, seat of the dukes of Atholl. The place name is thought to derive from Gaelic ath Fodla ‘new Ireland’.
Variants: Athol, Athole. |
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Cite this article
PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Atholl." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Atholl." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Atholl1.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Atholl." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Atholl1.html |
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Atholl
Atholl ♂, ♀ (Scottish) Transferred use of the place name denoting a district of Perthshire, thought to derive its name from Gaelic ath Fodla ‘new Ireland’.
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Cite this article
PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Atholl." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Atholl." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Atholl.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Atholl." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Atholl.html |
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Atholl
Atholl , successively an earldom, a marquisate, and a dukedom of Scotland. For Scottish nobles so entitled, use Stuart, John, and Murray, John. |
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"Atholl." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Atholl." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-IX-Atholl.html "Atholl." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-IX-Atholl.html |
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Atholl
Atholl. See Blair Atholl.
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A. D. MILLS. "Atholl." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Atholl." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Atholl.html A. D. MILLS. "Atholl." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Atholl.html |
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