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Arbroath abbey

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Copyright

Arbroath abbey. The Tironensian (reformed Benedictine) abbey of Aberbrothoc was founded in 1178 by William ‘the Lion’ (buried there, 1214); munificently endowed by him, it became one of the wealthiest and most privileged religious houses, with ‘mitred’ abbots. The declaration of Arbroath was signed there in 1320. After 1502 the abbots were replaced by ‘commendators’ (loyal servants of the crown); with the Reformation, the abbey estates passed to the Hamilton family, while the ruinous buildings became quarry material for much of the modern burgh.

A. S. Hargreaves

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JOHN CANNON. "Arbroath abbey." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Arbroath abbey." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Arbroathabbey.html

JOHN CANNON. "Arbroath abbey." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Arbroathabbey.html

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Arbroath

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Arbroath or Aberbrothock , town (1991 pop. 23,934), Angus, E central Scotland, on the North Sea at the mouth of the Brothock River. A seaport, it is known for its smoked haddock, shipbuilding, and the processing of flax and jute. There are engineering works, breweries, an iron foundry, and diverse small industries. Arbroath Abbey was founded by William the Lion c.1178 and contains his tomb. The Scottish estates met in the abbey in 1320 and called for independence from England.

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"Arbroath." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Arbroath." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Arbroath.html

"Arbroath." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Arbroath.html

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Arbroath

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Arbroath, Scotland/UK Aberbrothok, Aberbrothwick The full name is Aberbrothock ‘(Place at the) Mouth of the (River) Brothock’, a Pictish river name, from the stream on which it lies, whose name means ‘Seething One’; ar is an abbreviation of aber.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Arbroath." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Arbroath." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Arbroath.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Arbroath." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Arbroath.html

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Arbroath

A Dictionary of British Place-Names | 2003 | | Copyright

Arbroath Ang. Aberbrothok 1178, Arbroath, or Aberbrothwick 1868. ‘Mouth of the River Brothock’. Pictish aber. The river name means ‘seething one’ (Gaelic brothach).

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A. D. MILLS. "Arbroath." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

A. D. MILLS. "Arbroath." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Arbroath.html

A. D. MILLS. "Arbroath." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Arbroath.html

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Arbroath smokie

A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition | 2005 | | Copyright

Arbroath smokie Smoked haddock; differs from finnan haddock in that it is not split but smoked whole.

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DAVID A. BENDER. "Arbroath smokie." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

DAVID A. BENDER. "Arbroath smokie." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-Arbroathsmokie.html

DAVID A. BENDER. "Arbroath smokie." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-Arbroathsmokie.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	FOOTBALL: WELL HELD; ARBROATH 1 MOTHERWELL 1.(Sport) Newspaper article from: Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland); 2/2/2000
	GOING GONG GONE; Arbroath's 133-year wait for trophy ends.(Sport) Newspaper article from: Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland); 4/25/2011
	Happiness is... Arbroath? Town named as UK's most contented.(News) Newspaper article from: Daily Mail (London); 10/23/2010